心物之间——王阳明身体观的哲学探究

Between Mind and Body—A Philosophical Exploration of Wang Yangming’s View on the Body

摘要: 在王阳明的思想体系中，身体是良知的本体性显现载体、知行合一的内在构成要素、事上磨练不可或缺的实践途径。我们认识其身体观的核心基于三点：其一，“心即理”的本体论决定了良知必显发于身体；其二，“知行合一”的本质要求道德认知必须通过身体行动来实现；其三，“致良知”最高效的方法“事上炼”，其核心在于身体的亲身参与和具体实践。通过研究，我们可以了解到王阳明的身体观根本打破了身心二元论，确立了身体在儒家道德实践中的基石地位。

Abstract: In Wang Yangming’s ideological system, the body is the ontological manifestation carrier of the conscience, an intrinsic component of the unity of knowledge and action, and an indispensable practical approach for tempering oneself in real-world situations. The core of his view on the body can be understood based on three points: First, the ontological proposition of “mind is principle” determines that the conscience must be manifested through the body; second, the essential requirement of the unity of knowledge and action is that moral cognition must be realized through physical actions; third, the most efficient method of “attaining the conscience” is “tempering oneself in real-world situations”, the core of which lies in the personal participation and concrete practice of the body. Through research, we can understand that Wang Yangming’s view on the body fundamentally breaks the dualism of mind and body and establishes the cornerstone position of the body in the moral practice of Confucianism.