社会文化视角下产妇产后焦虑患病率及相关因素调查

Postpartum Anxiety in Chinese Mothers from a Social Cultural Perspective: Prevalence and Related Factors

摘要: 产妇产后一年内的焦虑症状普遍存在，但极易被忽视。本研究基于971份的问卷调查，探讨产妇产后12个月内焦虑症状患病率及相关文化影响因素。结果显示，产后12个月内产妇焦虑症状总患病率为18.02% (175/971)，抑郁症状的总患病率为28.42% (276/971)。单因素分析分析显示，独生子女、孕期心情不开心或觉痛苦、产褥期生病或身体不适、产后压力事件、与母亲关系长期十分紧张、有产后抑郁症状的产妇，发生产后焦虑的风险较高；丈夫全力支持发生产后焦虑的风险显著降低；期待生女孩的产妇，相比期待生男孩的产妇更不容易焦虑(P均 < 0.05)。本研究揭示，产妇的孕产期经历、社会支持、代际关系以及传统的生育观念等文化因素与产后焦虑的发生密切相关。因此，在产后护理中，需要特别关注这些文化因素，以便更有效地识别和干预产妇的焦虑症状。

Abstract: Postpartum anxiety symptoms are common within one year after childbirth but are often easily overlooked. Based on a survey of 971 samples, this study investigated the prevalence of postpartum anxiety symptoms and related cultural influencing factors among mothers within 12 months postpartum. The results show that the overall prevalence of postpartum anxiety symptoms was 18.02% (175/971), and the overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 28.42% (276/971) within 12 months postpartum. Univariate analysis revealed that mothers who were only children, experienced unhappiness or distress during pregnancy, had illness or physical discomfort during the puerperium, faced postpartum stressful events, had a long-term tense relationship with their mother, or exhibited postpartum depressive symptoms had a higher risk of developing postpartum anxiety. Conversely, strong spousal support significantly reduced the risk of postpartum anxiety. Notably, mothers who expected to give birth to a girl were less prone to anxiety compared to those who expected to give birth to a boy (P < 0.05). This study reveals that cultural factors such as perinatal experiences, social support, intergenerational relationships, and traditional fertility beliefs are closely associated with the occurrence of postpartum anxiety. Therefore, these cultural factors warrant special attention in postpartum care for more effective identification and intervention of anxiety symptoms in mothers.