基于三层流道结构的三元方形电池模块单相循环浸没热管理仿真分析
Simulation Analysis of Single-Phase Immersion Thermal Management for Ternary Square Battery Modules Based on a Three-Layer Channel Structure
DOI: 10.12677/mos.2025.149579, PDF,   
作者: 王项如：安徽新富新能源科技股份有限公司，安徽 安庆；王 同：上海理工大学机械工程学院，上海
关键词: 锂离子电池；浸没式冷却；液冷板冷却；三维建模；数值仿真；Lithium-Ion Battery； Immersion Cooling； Liquid Cooling Plate Cooling； Three-Dimensional Modeling； Numerical Simulation
摘要: 随着全球能源转型的加速，锂离子电池在电动汽车、可再生能源存储系统等领域得到了广泛应用。然而，锂离子电池在充放电过程中会产生热量，若热量不能及时散发，会导致电池温度升高，进而影响电池性能和寿命。本文提出了一种基于三层流道结构的单相循环浸没热管理系统，并与传统的底部液冷板冷却方式进行了对比研究。通过建立三维模型并利用ANSYS Fluent进行数值仿真，分析了在0.5 C、1 C、1.5 C充放电倍率下，两种冷却方式对电池模组的温度分布、温升速率、最大温度以及冷却液压力分布的影响。结果表明，浸没冷却方式由于冷却液直接接触电池表面，具有更高的冷却效率和温度均匀性，在1 C充放电倍率下，最高温度为28.12℃，显著低于底部液冷板冷却的32.96℃。此外，浸没冷却在不同充放电倍率下均能有效降低电池组最高温度，且压降较小，冷却效率更高。
Abstract: With the acceleration of the global energy transition, lithium-ion batteries have been widely adopted in fields such as electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. However, heat is generated during the charging and discharging processes of lithium-ion batteries. If this heat cannot be dissipated in a timely manner, it will lead to an increase in battery temperature, thereby affecting battery performance and lifespan. This paper proposes a single-phase circulating immersion thermal management system based on a three-layer channel structure and conducts a comparative study with the traditional bottom liquid cooling plate cooling method. By establishing a three-dimensional model and performing numerical simulations using ANSYS Fluent, the effects of the two cooling methods on the temperature distribution, temperature rise rate, maximum temperature, and coolant pressure distribution of the battery module are analyzed under 0.5 C, 1 C, and 1.5 C charging/discharging rates. The results demonstrate that the immersion cooling method, due to the direct contact between the coolant and the battery surface, exhibits higher cooling efficiency and temperature uniformity. At a 1 C charging/discharging rate, the maximum temperature under immersion cooling is 28.12˚C, significantly lower than the 32.96˚C observed with the bottom liquid cooling plate. Furthermore, immersion cooling effectively reduces the maximum temperature of the battery pack across different charging/discharging rates while maintaining a lower pressure drop and higher cooling efficiency.
文章引用：王项如, 王同. 基于三层流道结构的三元方形电池模块单相循环浸没热管理仿真分析[J]. 建模与仿真, 2025, 14(9): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.12677/mos.2025.149579

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