衡阳方言词汇的历时演变研究——基于李永明《衡阳方言》补释与三代语料的实证分析

Diachronic Lexical Evolution in Hengyang Dialect —An Empirical Study Based on Supplementary Annotation to Li Yongming’s Hengyang Dialect and Three-Generation Corpus

摘要: 本研究采用田野调查与《衡阳方言》的历时对比，系统考察当代衡阳方言词汇的演变轨迹。通过筛选三代发音人、采集自然语料，归纳出三类核心条目：(1) 未变词保留原义并补释用例；(2) 变化词呈现“词义扩大”、“词义缩小”、“词义消亡”三类演变模式；(3) 新增词反映技术影响下的方言创新。研究证明普通话推广与技术发展是方言词汇变迁的核心动因，并通过语义场理论构建方言词汇演化模型，成果既为湘方言研究提供关键个案，也为方言保护与文旅融合提出了实践路径。

Abstract: This study employs fieldwork and diachronic comparison to systematically examine the evolutionary trajectory of contemporary Hengyang dialect lexicon. Through screening native speakers across tri-generational cohorts and collecting natural speech data, three core lexical categories were identified: (1) Unchanged terms retaining their original meanings, supplemented with contemporary exemplification; (2) Modified terms exhibiting a tripartite evolutionary pattern: semantic extension, semantic narrowing, and lexical obsolescence; (3) Neologisms reflecting technology-driven lexical innovation. The findings suggest that Mandarin promotion and technological development are identified as the primary drivers of dialectal change. By constructing a lexical evolution model grounded in semantic field theory, this study provides a significant case study for Xiang Chinese dialectology and proposes practical pathways for dialect preservation and cultural tourism integration.