小学校园欺凌现象的成因及治理策略研究——以H市Y小学为例

Research on the Causes and Governance Strategies of the School Bullying Phenomenon in Primary Schools —A Case Study of Y Primary School in City H

摘要: 校园欺凌不仅严重影响学生的心理健康和人格发展，还可能对其未来的社会适应能力产生深远的负面影响，已成为一个亟待解决的社会问题。本研究以H市Y小学为案例，深入探讨小学校园欺凌现象的成因及治理策略。通过访谈法，收集15名学生及5名教师的访谈资料。研究发现，小学校园欺凌发生率较高，男生卷入比例显著高于女生，欺凌形式多样，原因复杂，旁观者多持冷漠态度。研究从微观、中观、宏观三个层面分析成因，并提出治理策略：微观层面提高学生生理成长质量和营造心理健康氛围；中观层面完善家庭教育功能和构建校园反欺凌体系；宏观层面提升网络空间治理和加快立法进程。研究强调，需家庭、学校和社会共同努力，为学生创造安全、健康、和谐的成长环境。

Abstract: School bullying not only significantly impairs students’ psychological well-being and personality development but also potentially exerts profound adverse effects on their future social adaptability, thereby constituting a pressing societal concern. This study, employing Y Primary School in H City as a case study, delves into the causative factors and management strategies pertaining to bullying incidents within elementary school settings. Utilizing the interview method, data were gathered from interviews with 15 students and 5 teachers. The findings reveal a relatively high incidence of bullying in elementary schools, with a significantly higher involvement rate among boys compared to girls. The forms of bullying are diverse, and the underlying causes are complex, with bystanders often exhibiting apathetic attitudes. The research analyzes the causes from micro, meso, and macro levels and proposes corresponding management strategies: at the micro level, enhancing students’ physiological development and fostering a psychologically healthy environment; at the meso level, improving family education functions and establishing a school-based anti-bullying system; and at the macro level, strengthening the governance of cyberspace and accelerating the legislative process. The study underscores the necessity of collaborative efforts from families, schools, and society to cultivate a safe, healthy, and harmonious developmental environment for students.