企业数据保护与信息自由的制度协调研究

Study on Institutional Coordination of Enterprise Data Protection and Freedom of Information

摘要: 企业数据保护与信息自由之间存在紧张关系，集中体现为企业数据控制者保护数据的需求与第三方企业信息自由的现实冲突，即企业对数据的事实控制与利用阻碍第三方信息自由的同时，第三方不法侵害引起数据保护风险。企业数据产权保护具有正当性，但必须为权利保护划定边界；保障第三方信息自由具有必要性，但同时必须将获取信息的范围予以限制。有鉴于此，应当参照知识产权保护理论的平衡逻辑，加强企业数据保护与信息自由的制度协调：一方面，建立企业数据产权作为前置性保护，并划定权利边界；另一方面，赋予第三方数据访问权以保障信息自由，并严格限定访问条件。

Abstract: There is a tension between enterprise data protection and freedom of information, focusing on the real conflict between the needs of enterprise data controllers to protect data and the freedom of information of third-party enterprises, that is, the de facto control and utilization of data by enterprises impedes the freedom of information of third-party enterprises, while the unlawful infringement by third-party enterprises causes the risk of data protection. The protection of enterprise data property rights is legitimate, but the boundaries of the protection of rights must be delineated. It is necessary to guarantee the freedom of information of third parties, while the scope of obtaining information must be restricted. In view of this, it is necessary to strengthen institutional coordination between enterprise data protection and information freedom by reference to the balance logic of the intellectual property protection theory. On the one hand, property rights in enterprise data are established as a pre-protection mechanism and the boundaries of rights are defined; on the other hand, the right to access data to third parties is granted to ensure information freedom and conditions for such access are strictly defined.