一种基于NB-IoT的远程温度控制系统设计

Design of a Remote Temperature Control System Based on NB-IoT

摘要: 温度控制被广泛应用于工业生产和科研实验中，是许多工艺流程与实验成功的关键，在全球工业规模的不断扩张下，它的地位愈发重要。然而，传统的温度控制方式落后，往往存在效率低下、精度不够、自动化程度低等问题，且易受外界环境干扰，影响控制效果，从而制约着整个工业生产的运行效率与成本。为此，本文引入了单片机技术，设计了一种低成本、高效率的基于NB-IoT的远程温度控制系统。该系统选用了功能强大且丰富的STM32系列单片机作为主控单元，采用了型号为DS18B20的传感器来监测实时温度，通过OLED屏幕进行显示，通过按键设定目标温度，当温度低于目标值时，结合PID算法控制MOS管，以驱动继电器1进行加热升温；当温度高于目标值时，直接控制继电器2进行模拟制冷，从而达到恒温效果。同时，系统利用NB-IoT无线通信技术，将单片机连接到云平台，实现数据的上发，提供可视化的终端显示界面，以适应不同的应用场景。

Abstract: Temperature control is widely used in industrial production and scientific research experiments, and is the key to many process flows and successful experiments. With the continuous expansion of global industrial scale, its position has become increasingly important. However, traditional temperature control methods are outdated and often suffer from problems such as low efficiency, insufficient accuracy, and low degree of automation. They are also susceptible to external environmental interference, which affects the control effect and thus restricts the operational efficiency and cost of the entire industrial production. Therefore, this article introduces microcontroller technology and designs a low-cost and high-efficiency remote temperature control system based on NB IoT. The system uses the powerful and rich STM32 series microcontroller as the main control unit, and adopts a sensor model DS18B20 to monitor real-time temperature. The temperature is displayed on an OLED screen, and the target temperature is set through buttons. When the temperature is lower than the target value, the PID algorithm is used to control the MOS transistor to drive relay 1 for heating and warming up; When the temperature is higher than the target value, directly control relay 2 to simulate cooling, thereby achieving a constant temperature effect. At the same time, the system utilizes NB-IoT wireless communication technology to connect the microcontroller to the cloud platform, enabling data upload and providing a visual terminal display interface to adapt to different application scenarios.