非遗保护视域下腾冲玉雕产业集群转型路径探析

Exploring Transformation Pathways of the Tengchong Jade Carving Industrial Cluster from the Perspective of Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection

摘要: 腾冲玉雕作为云南代表性非遗，历经数百年积淀形成产业集群，但在资源制约与市场变迁下，仍存在传承单一、创新不足、信任缺失等问题。本文从非遗保护视域出发，提出“传承标准化、设计数智化、场景体验化、渠道信任化、治理平台化”五化转型路径，并规划分阶段实施路径。研究梳理产业沿革与现状，剖析传承人培养、原料供给与市场竞争困境，提出标准建设、数字设计、沉浸体验、交易优化与治理平台等对策。通过景德镇陶瓷、苏绣、佛罗伦萨金银饰、日本(和歌山)漆器等案例比较，总结技艺保护、创新驱动、文旅融合与治理经验。研究认为，五化路径可促进腾冲玉雕动态传承与经济高质量发展，并对其他非遗产业集群转型具有参考价值。

Abstract: As a representative intangible cultural heritage (ICH) of Yunnan, Tengchong jade carving has evolved into an industrial cluster over centuries of accumulation. However, under resource constraints and shifting market dynamics, it still faces problems such as singular modes of inheritance, insufficient innovation, and a lack of trust. From the perspective of ICH protection, this study proposes a Five-Modernization transformation pathway—standardized inheritance, digitalized design, experience-oriented scenarios, trustworthy channels, and platform-based governance—and outlines a phased implementation plan. The research reviews the industry’s evolution and current status, analyzes challenges in inheritor cultivation, raw material supply, and market competition, and puts forward countermeasures, including standards construction, digital design, immersive experiences, transaction optimization, and governance platforms. By comparing cases such as Jingdezhen ceramics, Suzhou embroidery, Florentine gold and silver jewelry, and Japanese (Wakayama) lacquerware, it distills experiences in craftsmanship safeguarding, innovation-driven development, cultural–tourism integration, and governance. The study concludes that the Five-Modernization model can promote the dynamic transmission and high-quality economic development of Tengchong jade carving, while also providing reference value for the transformation of other ICH industrial clusters.