急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的病因、急诊风险评估及内镜治疗进展

Etiology, Emergency Risk Assessment and Advances in Endoscopic Treatment of Acute Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

摘要: 急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(ANVUGIB)作为临床常见的危重症，具有起病急骤、进展迅速且病因繁杂的特点。因此，对其进行及时地急诊风险评估并制定科学的急救与治疗方案，在临床实践中显得尤为关键。内镜治疗作为该病症重要的治疗手段，若能在24小时内实施，可显著改善患者预后，且目前已有多种成熟的止血方法可供选择。治疗后，内镜术后的规范管理及预后监测同样不容忽视。然而，当前领域仍面临诸多挑战：风险评估体系有待进一步优化，更高效的治疗手段亟需探索，特殊患者群体的血栓风险管控也需深入研究。本文将围绕引言、ANVUGIB的病因、急诊风险评估及内镜治疗四方面的研究进展展开综述。

Abstract: Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) is a common critical illness in clinical practice, characterized by sudden onset, rapid progression, and complex etiologies. Therefore, timely emergency risk assessment and the formulation of scientific first-aid and treatment plans are particularly crucial in clinical practice. As an important treatment for this condition, endoscopic therapy can significantly improve patients’ prognosis if performed within 24 hours, and there are currently a variety of mature hemostatic methods available. After treatment, standardized management and prognosis monitoring after endoscopy should also not be ignored. However, the current field still faces many challenges: the risk assessment system needs further optimization, more efficient treatment methods need to be explored, and the management of thromboembolic risks in special patient groups requires in-depth research. This article will review the research progress from four aspects: introduction, etiology of ANVUGIB, emergency risk assessment, and endoscopic treatment.