不同嫁接方式对黄瓜幼苗生长发育的影响

The Effects of Different Grafting Methods on the Growth and Development of Cucumber Seedlings

摘要: 为筛选出适宜黄瓜的嫁接方式，本试验以黄瓜博杰616为接穗、白籽南瓜博强906为砧木，以自根苗(CK)为对照，研究插接(T1)、贴接(T2)、双断根(T3)等3种嫁接方式对黄瓜幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明，黄瓜嫁接苗在茎粗、株高、全株干重、叶面积等方面弱于自根苗，但明显提高了根冠比，表明嫁接苗有相对强壮的根系，有利于后期养分吸收培育壮株；与自根苗相比，双断根嫁接苗具有很强的根系活力和较高的根冠比；插接法在壮苗指数和根系形态(根长、根投影面积、根表面积、根直径)与自根苗没有显著差异，具有良好的根系形态；3种嫁接苗相比，双断根嫁接苗砧木、接穗茎秆粗壮，砧木下胚轴短，具有更高的株高、叶绿素含量和更强的根系活力。综合分析得出在苗期表现出最高根系活力和生长潜力的嫁接方式为双断根嫁接法。

Abstract: To screen out the suitable grafting method for cucumbers, this experiment used cucumber “Bojie 616” as the scion, white-seeded pumpkin “Boqiang 906” as the rootstock, and self-rooted seedlings (CK) as the control. It studied the effects of three grafting methods—cuttage grafting (T1), patch grafting (T2), and double root-cutting grafting (T3)—on the growth and development of cucumber seedlings. The results showed that compared with self-rooted seedlings, grafted cucumber seedlings were inferior in stem diameter, plant height, total plant dry weight and leaf area, but significantly improved the root-shoot ratio. This indicated that grafted seedlings had relatively stronger root systems, which was beneficial to nutrient absorption in the later stage and the cultivation of robust plants. Among the grafted seedlings, double root-cutting grafted seedlings (T3) exhibited significantly higher root activity and root-shoot ratio than self-rooted seedlings. Cuttage-grafted seedlings (T1) showed no significant differences from self-rooted seedlings in seedling vigor index and root morphology (root length, root projection area, root surface area, root diameter), maintaining a good root morphology. When comparing the three grafting methods, double root-cutting grafted seedlings (T3) had thicker stems of both rootstock and scion, shorter hypocotyls of the rootstock, higher plant height, higher chlorophyll content, and stronger root activity. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the double root-cutting grafting method exhibited the highest root activity and growth potential during the seedling stage, making it the optimal grafting method.