层级自相似薄壁仿生结构的力学性能研究

Mechanical Properties of Hierarchical Self-Similar Thin-Walled Biomimetic Structures

摘要: 针对潜艇被动安全领域对薄壁结构耐撞性的迫切需求，本文基于蜘蛛网仿生学原理，创新设计了一种六边形层级自相似薄壁结构。采用铝合金6061为外壳材料，结合柔性聚氨酯泡沫填充，通过SolidWorks建模、HyperMesh前处理及Abaqus有限元仿真，系统研究了填充/未填充泡沫结构对力学响应的影响。结果表明：聚氨酯泡沫填充通过孔隙坍塌与薄壁渐进屈曲的协同效应，吸能行程、比吸能(SEA)均显著提升，且平台应力分布更稳定。本研究提出的“仿生层级–柔性填充”协同设计方法，为潜艇吸能结构优化提供了新思路。

Abstract: In view of the urgent demand for the crashworthiness of thin-walled structures in the field of passive safety of submarines, a hexagonal hierarchical self-similar thin-walled structure is innovatively designed based on the principle of spider web biomimicry. Using aluminum alloy 6061 as the shell material, combined with flexible polyurethane foam filling, the influence of filled/unfilled foam structure on the mechanical response was systematically studied by SolidWorks modeling, HyperMesh pretreatment and Abaqus finite element simulation. The results show that the energy absorption stroke and specific energy absorption (SEA) are significantly improved through the synergistic effect of pore collapse and thin-wall progressive buckling, and the stress distribution of the platform is more stable. The collaborative design method of “bionic layer-flexible filling” proposed in this study provides a new idea for the optimization of submarine energy absorption structure.