围术期体温管理研究现状与展望

Research Progress on Perioperative Body Temperature Management

摘要: 围术期低体温(perioperative hypothermia)是麻醉医生与外科医师在手术过程中经常面临的问题，其与多种术后并发症密切相关，不利于加速术后康复。目前，大多数研究集中于低体温引发的不良结局，以及引发围术期低体温的高危因素，并且推荐以机体生理正常体温作为围术期体温的参考依据，鲜少有研究从多维度探究围术期体温的管理范围以及体温变化规律，并与不良结局的关系进行分析。本文从正常体温调节机制、不同麻醉方式下围术期低体温发生机制、围术期低体温高危因素、围术期体温监测与保护、围术期低体温的管理目标及思考等方面开展系统性综述，基于现有研究存在的不足——缺乏对体温管理范围、变化规律的系统性分析与个体化策略探讨，本文整合多学科临床与基础研究成果，加深对围术期体温调控机制的认识，为临床医务人员提供精准化的围手术期体温管理方案，以减少临床资源浪费、降低患者术后不良反应，推动围术期护理向舒适化、个体化方向发展。

Abstract: Perioperative hypothermia is a frequently encountered problem for anesthesiologists and surgeons in surgical patients, which is closely related to various postoperative complications and detrimental to patient recovery. Current research focuses on the adverse outcomes caused by hypothermia, high-risk factors contributing to perioperative hypothermia, and recommendations to maintain core body temperature within physiological norms as the reference standard. However, few studies have explored the management range and patterns of perioperative temperature change from multiple dimensions or their relationship with adverse outcomes. This article conducts a systematic review covering aspects such as normal thermoregulation mechanisms, perioperative hypothermia, and temperature monitoring, based on the limitations of current research (e.g., lack of systematic analysis of temperature change patterns and individualized strategies). It integrates multidisciplinary findings to deepen the understanding of perioperative temperature regulation, providing precise management schemes for clinicians. The goal is to reduce resource waste, lower postoperative adverse reactions, and promote comfort-oriented, individualized perioperative care.