论“知假买假”行为适用惩罚性赔偿制度的司法研究

A Judicial Study on the Application of Punitive Damages System to “Knowingly Buy Counterfeits”

摘要: 自我国实行消费惩罚性赔偿制度以来，关于是否支持“知假买假”者的惩罚性赔偿请求权一直是争议的焦点。本文将围绕近3年的“知假买假”相关公开判例，通过消费者身份的认定、欺诈要素的法律区别、因果关系争议等核心问题，从而对该争议问题进行全面剖析。经研究发现，目前的司法实践在“消费者”的身份认定以及民事欺诈与消费者欺诈的要素区分方面存在重大分歧。本文将通过梳理《消费者权益保护法》等法律规范，并结合2024年最新司法解释中对“知假买假者有限保护”的裁判趋势，为解决司法实践中“知假买假”案件的裁判差异提供参考。

Abstract: Since the implementation of China’s consumer punitive damages system, the question of whether to support the right to claim punitive damages for those who “knowingly buy counterfeits” has been the focus of controversy. This article will focus on the publicly available court rulings related to “knowingly buy counterfeits” over the past three years, through the identification of consumer identity, the legal distinction between the elements of fraud, causation disputes, and other core issues, so as to provide a comprehensive analysis of this controversial issue. The study found significant divergences in the current judicial practice in the identification of “consumer” identity and the distinction between elements of civil fraud and consumer fraud. In this paper, we will sort out the legal norms, such as the Consumer Protection Law, and combine them with the trend of the latest judicial interpretation in 2024 on the “limited protection for those who knowingly buy counterfeits” to provide references for resolving the discrepancies in the judgment of “knowingly buy fake” cases in judicial practice.