基于CFD的综合管廊燃气舱燃气管道泄漏扩散模拟研究
Research on CFD Based Simulation of Gas Pipeline Leakage and Diffusion in Comprehensive Pipe Gallery Gas Cabin
摘要: 针对综合管廊燃气舱内燃气管道小孔(15 mm)和大孔(60 mm)泄漏扩散特征不清楚的问题，本文构建了实际的200米防火分区的三维模型，采用结构化网格划分并设置有效的边界条件，实现了其实际工况的数值模拟。分析发现：小孔泄漏时因流量较小，12秒后甲烷浓度达爆炸下限(0.05)的区域仅0.5米，扩散范围有限；大孔泄漏因高速射流(259 m/s)和事故通风(12次/h)情况存在，11秒即可形成15米长的爆炸危险区，覆盖面较广。实际燃气泄漏探测器优化结果显示，水平间距15米时大孔泄漏中最不利报警时间为4.25秒，符合规范但建议实施加密布置；竖直方向上距顶0.3米与顶部安装时报警时间差异小于0.3秒，符合现行的标准规范。研究结果为综合管廊燃气安全设计提供了可靠依据、为燃气泄漏探测器布置奠定了优化依据。
Abstract: Addressing the issue of unclear leakage and diffusion characteristics of gas pipelines featuring small holes (15 mm) and large holes (60 mm) within the gas cabin of comprehensive utility tunnels, this paper presents the construction of a three-dimensional model for an actual 200-meter fire compartment. By employing structured grid division and establishing effective boundary conditions, numerical simulation of the actual operating conditions is achieved. Analysis reveals that, in the case of small hole leaks, due to the minimal flow rate, the area where methane concentration reaches the lower explosive limit (0.05) after 12 seconds spans only 0.5 meters, indicating a limited diffusion range. Conversely, in the case of large hole leaks, due to the presence of high-speed jet flow (259m/s) and emergency ventilation (12 times/h), an explosion hazard zone of 15 meters in length can be formed within just 11 seconds, covering a broader area. The optimization results of actual gas leak detectors indicate that, with a horizontal spacing of 15 meters, the most unfavorable alarm time for large hole leaks is 4.25 seconds, which complies with specifications, albeit a denser layout is recommended. The difference in alarm time between installation at a vertical distance of 0.3 meters from the top and installation at the top is less than 0.3 seconds, aligning with current standard specifications. The research findings provide a reliable foundation for the design of gas safety in comprehensive utility tunnels and establish an optimized basis for the arrangement of gas leak detectors.
文章引用：胡镁林. 基于CFD的综合管廊燃气舱燃气管道泄漏扩散模拟研究[J]. 石油天然气学报, 2025, 47(3): 468-482. https://doi.org/10.12677/jogt.2025.473051

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