肌电生物反馈在脑瘫足下垂患儿中的临床应用及进展

Clinical Application and Progress of Electromyographic Biofeedback in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Foot Drop

摘要: 足下垂是脑性瘫痪患儿常见的足踝问题，也是脑瘫康复聚焦的靶点之一，足下垂降低患儿的步行能力，尤其妨碍摆动相廓清功能，从而增加跌倒风险，严重时患儿会丧失步行移动能力。近年来随着康复治疗的不断进步，新的更具有循证医学依据的技术出现，更有助于患儿康复潜能的挖掘。其中，肌电生物反馈疗法因其具有高级神经中枢参与，与周围神经肌肉形成环路反馈的理论基础，特殊儿童中的应用也较为广泛，肌电生物反馈可以激活大脑的可塑机制，精准肌肉训练，增强肌肉力量和协调性。因此本文通过分析总结国内外关于肌电生物反馈特点及临床应用方面文献，综述了肌电生物反馈在脑性瘫痪足下垂患儿的应用进展情况，为临床研究提供一定的理论参考。

Abstract: Foot drop is a common ankle problem in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and a key therapeutic target in CP rehabilitation. It reduces ambulatory capacity, most notably by interfering with toe clearance during the swing phase of gait and thereby increasing fall risk; in severe cases, walking ability is lost altogether. Over recent years, continual advances in rehabilitation have brought forth new, more evidence-based techniques that help unlock each child’s recovery potential. Among them, electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback is grounded in a theoretical model that engages higher cortical centers and establishes a closed feedback loop with peripheral neuromuscular structures. It is already widely used in pediatric populations, can trigger neuroplastic mechanisms, and enables precise muscle training to enhance strength and coordination. By reviewing and synthesizing domestic and international literature on the characteristics and clinical applications of EMG biofeedback, this paper summarizes current progress in its use for children with CP-related foot drop, providing a theoretical reference for future clinical research.