中药通过调控PINK1/Parkin信号通路干预缺血性脑卒中作用机制的研究进展

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Intervening Ischemic Stroke by Regulating the PINK1/Parkin Signaling Pathway

摘要: 缺血性脑卒中是卒中的主要发病类型，由脑动脉阻塞引发神经损伤，目前静脉溶栓是最主要的治疗方案，但受限于4.5小时时间窗及出血风险。中药凭借多靶点调控优势，尤其通过干预PINK1/Parkin信号通路展现神经保护潜力。本文旨在综述中药调控该通路的作用机制与进展，系统整合基础研究证据表明PINK1/Parkin通路通过清除受损线粒体、抑制ROS积累及细胞凋亡发挥保护作用。银杏内酯B、人参皂苷Rg1、牡荆素、苦杏仁苷、藁本内酯及四氢姜黄素等中药单体，可靶向增强该通路功能，改善线粒体动力学、减轻氧化应激与神经炎症，协同抑制神经元死亡。中药通过多成分协同调控PINK1/Parkin通路，为缺血性脑卒中提供安全高效的中西医结合治疗新策略。

Abstract: Ischemic stroke, the predominant subtype of stroke, is caused by cerebral artery occlusion leading to neural injury. Currently, intravenous thrombolysis remains the primary treatment, though its application is limited by the narrow 4.5-hour therapeutic window and the risk of hemorrhage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its multi-target regulatory advantages, demonstrates neuroprotective potential—particularly through intervention in the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms and recent advances in TCM-mediated regulation of this pathway. Systematic integration of basic research evidence indicates that the PINK1/Parkin pathway exerts protective effects by clearing damaged mitochondria, inhibiting ROS accumulation, and suppressing cell apoptosis. Several TCM active compounds—such as ginkgolide B, ginsenoside Rg1, vitexin, amygdalin, ligustilide, and tetrahydrocurcumin—have been shown to enhance the function of this pathway, improve mitochondrial dynamics, alleviate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and synergistically inhibit neuronal death. By multi-component synergistic modulation of the PINK1/Parkin pathway, TCM offers a safe and efficient integrated treatment strategy for ischemic stroke.