非酒精性脂肪性肝病药物治疗的研究现状

Current Research Status of Pharmacotherapy for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

摘要: 非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)是全球最常见的慢性肝病之一，且该病的发病率仍在逐年上升，已经严重威胁到人类的生命健康。它包括了非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver, NAFL)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH)及其相关纤维化和肝硬化。该疾病的患者常有代谢失调、遗传变异和肠道微生物菌群变化等表现，并常合并胰岛素抵抗、高脂血症等代谢异常，越来越多的研究表明机体代谢功能异常是该疾病的发病过程中的关键环节。目前学者普遍认为非酒精性肝病是一种波及多器官、多系统的全身慢性性炎性疾病，但迄今为止尚无有力证据表明某种药物能兼顾这些损伤因素来对NAFLD患者进行一个全方位的治疗。本文总结了当前针对NAFLD治疗相关药物的研究进展，旨在为该疾病的防治、临床治疗及未来的相关药物的研究提供参考及方向。

Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide, with its incidence continuing to rise annually, posing a significant threat to human health. It encompasses non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and associated fibrosis and cirrhosis. Patients with NAFLD often exhibit metabolic dysregulation, genetic variations, and alterations in gut microbiota, frequently accompanied by metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. Growing evidence suggests that systemic metabolic dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Currently, NAFLD is widely recognized as a systemic chronic inflammatory disorder affecting multiple organs and systems. However, to date, no conclusive evidence supports the existence of a single drug capable of comprehensively addressing all these pathogenic factors in NAFLD treatment. This article summarizes recent advances in pharmacological research for NAFLD, aiming to provide insights and directions for its prevention, clinical management, and future drug development.