哺乳动物脂肪组织在环境中的代谢调节机制
Metabolic Regulation Mechanisms of Mammalian Adipose Tissue in Response to Environmental Conditions
DOI: 10.12677/bp.2025.153029, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 谌立新*, 赵亦慢, 王咏梅, 周 波, 和顺琴, 梅燕飞：云南医药健康职业学院基础与药学院，云南 昆明
关键词: 哺乳动物；脂肪组织；环境适应；能量代谢；Mammal； Adipose Tissue； Environmental Adaptation； Energy Metabolism
摘要: 哺乳动物在不同环境下的适应性生理调节机理是当前生理生态学研究的热点之一。动物脂肪组织是体内高度特化的组织，在环境适应中发挥关键生理作用。脂肪组织通过能量储存与动员、体温调节、机械保护、能量代谢与免疫调节以及昼夜节律同步等灵活性调控帮助哺乳动物维持生理稳态。白色脂肪组织(WAT)作为主要能量储存库，通过甘油三酯的合成与分解响应能量盈亏，在能量过剩时储存脂质，从而在食物短缺时分解供能，为哺乳动物应对环境波动提供基础。棕色脂肪组织(BAT)与米色脂肪组织(BeAT)则通过非颤抖性产热维持体温稳态，棕色脂肪组织(BAT)依赖线粒体UCP1将化学能转化为热能。在寒冷暴露中，米色脂肪组织(BeAT)作为白色脂肪组织(WAT)向棕色脂肪组织(BAT)转化的中间态，兼具能量储存与产热功能。本文首先介绍了哺乳动物脂肪组织分类、形态及代谢特征。随后阐述不同脂肪组织执行的生理功能、产热激活机制、环境响应机制的差异性从而揭示哺乳动物如何通过脂肪组织的动态调控应对复杂多变的外界环境。
Abstract: The adaptive physiological regulatory mechanisms of mammals in varying environments represent one of the current research hotspots in physiological ecology. Animal adipose tissue, a highly specialized tissue within the body, plays a crucial physiological role in environmental adaptation. Through flexible regulatory processes such as energy storage and mobilization, thermoregulation, mechanical protection, energy metabolism and immune modulation, as well as synchronization of circadian rhythms, adipose tissue aids mammals in maintaining physiological homeostasis. White Adipose Tissue (WAT), serving as the primary energy reservoir, responds to energy surpluses and deficits by synthesizing and decomposing triglycerides, storing lipids during periods of energy excess and mobilizing them for energy during food scarcity, thereby providing a foundation for mammals to cope with environmental fluctuations. Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) and Beige Adipose Tissue (BeAT) maintain body temperature homeostasis through non-shivering thermogenesis, with BAT relying on mitochondrial UCP1 to convert chemical energy into heat. Under cold exposure, Beige Adipose Tissue (BeAT), as an intermediate state in the transition from WAT to BAT, possesses both energy storage and thermogenic functions. This article first introduces the classification, morphology, and metabolic characteristics of mammalian adipose tissues. Subsequently, it elucidates the differences in physiological functions, thermogenic activation mechanisms, and environmental response mechanisms among different adipose tissues, thereby revealing how mammals maintain energy balance through dynamic regulation of adipose tissues to cope with complex and changing external environments.
文章引用：谌立新, 赵亦慢, 王咏梅, 周波, 和顺琴, 梅燕飞. 哺乳动物脂肪组织在环境中的代谢调节机制[J]. 生物过程, 2025, 15(3): 217-224. https://doi.org/10.12677/bp.2025.153029

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