2024年重庆市永川区入学新生结核病筛查结果分析

Analysis of Tuberculosis Screening Results for New Students in Yongchuan District, Chongqing in 2024

摘要: 目的：了解2024年重庆市永川区入学新生结核病筛查情况，为学校结核病防控工作提供科学依据。方法：按照新生入学结核病筛查方案，收集永川区2024年入学新生信息，开展肺结核患者密切接触史和肺结核可疑症状的问诊，进行感染检测和胸部X光片检查，采用描述性分析和χ²检验，比较不同教育学段的筛查结果。结果：2024年永川区共有251所学校完成了新生入学结核病筛查，新生入学人数为93,421人，完成结核病筛查89,374人，总体筛查率95.67%。全区共发现10例新生活动性肺结核患者，总体检出率为11.19/10万，检出率最高的教育阶段为高中(包括中职院校在内的高中阶段) (27.14/10万) (P > 0.05)。筛查结果发现有肺结核可疑症状者共12人，其中小学可疑症状率最高(χ² = 26.854, P < 0.001)；PPD强阳性/EC阳性/IGRA阳性者共450例，总体阳性率3.50%，高校教育学段感染检测阳性率最高(7.61%) (P < 0.001)。影像学筛查40,950人，总体筛查率43.83%，发现胸部影像学异常疑似肺结核10例，总体检出率24.42/10万。结论：结核病筛查是学校疫情防控环节中的重要一环，应加强高中及以上新生的结核病筛查和健康教育，预防和控制结核病在校内的传播，降低发病风险。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the tuberculosis screening situation of freshmen admitted to Yongchuan District, Chongqing City in 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for the tuberculosis prevention and control work in schools. Methods: According to the tuberculosis screening program for freshmen enrollment, information of freshmen enrolled in Yongchuan District in 2024 was collected. Inquiries on the close contact history of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and suspicious symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis were conducted. Infection detection and chest X-ray examinations were carried out. Descriptive analysis and χ² test were used to compare the screening results of different educational stages. Results: In 2024, a total of 251 schools in Yongchuan District completed tuberculosis screening for new students. The number of new students enrolled was 93,421, and 89,374 of them completed tuberculosis screening, with an overall screening rate of 95.67%. A total of 10 freshmen with active pulmonary tuberculosis were found in the entire district, with an overall detection rate of 11.19 per 100,000. The educational stage with the highest detection rate was high school (including the high school stage of secondary vocational schools) (27.14 per 100,000) (P > 0.05). The screening results revealed a total of 12 individuals with suspected symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Among them, the rate of suspected symptoms was the highest in primary school (χ² = 26.854, P < 0.001). A total of 450 cases were strongly positive for PPD/positive for EC/positive for IGRA, with an overall positive rate of 3.50%. The positive rate of infection detection in the educational stage of colleges and universities was the highest (7.61%) (P < 0.001). Imaging screening was conducted on 40,950 people, with an overall screening rate of 43.83%. Ten cases of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis with abnormal chest imaging were found, with an overall detection rate of 24.42 per 100,000. Conclusion: Tuberculosis screening is an important part of epidemic prevention and control in schools. Tuberculosis screening and health education for freshmen in high schools and above should be strengthened to prevent and control the spread of tuberculosis on campus and reduce the risk of disease.