NOIT的应用研究进展

Progress in the Application Research of Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Inhalation Analgesia Technique

摘要: 疼痛是临床医学中最常见也最复杂的主观症状之一，传统的镇痛方法如静脉药物或局部麻醉在某些操作场景中仍存在侵入性强、起效慢、依从性差及不良反应风险高等局限。NOIT (Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Inhalation Analgesia Technique, NOIT)作为一种非创、自控、安全、起效迅速的镇痛手段，近年来在全球多个国家和地区被广泛应用于程序性疼痛管理。本文基于近年国内外研究进展，系统梳理了NOIT的药理作用机制、常用给药模式(固定浓度与滴定吸入)以及其在六大典型临床场景中的应用，包括产科镇痛、牙科及口腔门诊小手术、烧伤创面换药、腔镜与穿刺检查、急诊创伤以及儿科侵入性操作。未来应加强机制研究与高质量临床试验支持，推动形成系统化、标准化的应用指南，并结合我国分级诊疗体系发展特点，促进该技术在各类医疗机构中的合理推广与落地实践。

Abstract: Pain is one of the most common and complex subjective symptoms in clinical medicine. Traditional analgesic methods, such as intravenous drugs or local anesthesia, still present limitations in certain procedural settings, including high invasiveness, slow onset of action, poor compliance, and elevated risks of adverse reactions. Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Inhalation Analgesia Technique (NOIT), a non-invasive, patient-controlled, safe, and rapidly effective analgesic method, has been widely adopted in procedural pain management across numerous countries and regions globally in recent years. This paper systematically reviews the pharmacological mechanisms, common delivery modes (fixed concentration and titrated inhalation), and applications of NOIT in six typical clinical scenarios based on recent domestic and international research advances. These scenarios include obstetric analgesia, dental and minor oral surgeries, burn wound dressing changes, endoscopic and puncture examinations, emergency trauma care, and pediatric invasive procedures. Future efforts should focus on strengthening mechanism research and high-quality clinical trials to support the development of systematic, standardized application guidelines. Aligned with China’s tiered healthcare system, this technology should be promoted for rational implementation and practical application across various medical institutions.