电商平台管理者数字信义义务的法律规制

Legal Regulation of Digital Fiduciary Obligations of E-Commerce Platform Operators

摘要: 数字经济时代下，电商企业管理人员利用算法操控、数据爬取、流量倾斜等技术手段实施的违背信义义务的行为，呈现出复杂化、隐蔽化特征。传统刑法对此类行为在主体认定、行为评价和结果归责方面面临结构性难题，必须重构平台商业逻辑下的新型数字受托义务。对于“财产权–数据安全–平台信用”的三重法益侵害，当前规制框架存在技术高管责任主体缺位、传统认定“同类营业”方式僵化和算法黑箱导致因果关系断裂等问题。为此，本文提出“三阶规制模型”，即从前置法入手，补强《公司法》中对技术高管的信义义务要求；建立动态行为要件体系，把算法影响力等纳入考量标准；突破传统财产犯罪认定思维，将数据资产价值纳入损害评价范围。从而推动法律与技术协同演进，为数字经济领域的新型犯罪提供适配的治理方案。

Abstract: In the era of digital economy, the behavior of e-commerce enterprise managers who violate their fiduciary obligations through technological means such as algorithm manipulation, data crawling, and traffic tilting presents complex and covert characteristics. Traditional criminal law faces structural challenges in determining the subject, evaluating the behavior, and assigning responsibility for the results of such behavior. It is necessary to reconstruct the new digital entrusted obligations under the platform’s commercial logic. For the triple infringement of legal interests in “property rights, data security, and platform credit”, the current regulatory framework has problems such as the lack of technical executives’ responsibility subjects, the rigidity of traditional recognition of “similar business” methods, and the breakdown of causal relationships caused by algorithmic black boxes. To this end, this article proposes a “three-level regulatory model”, which starts from the prerequisite law and strengthens the fiduciary duty requirements for technical executives in the “Company Law”; Establish a dynamic system of behavioral requirements, taking into account factors such as algorithm influence; Breaking through the traditional thinking of identifying property crimes and incorporating the value of data assets into the scope of damage assessment. Thus promoting the coordinated evolution of law and technology, and providing adaptive governance solutions for new types of crimes in the digital economy field.