综合术后护理对前交叉韧带重建患者疼痛水平及生活质量的影响

Effect of Comprehensive Postoperative Nursing on Pain Level and Quality of Life in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

摘要: 目的：探讨综合性术后护理干预对前交叉韧带重建(ACLR)患者术后疼痛水平、睡眠质量及生活质量的临床影响，旨在为优化此类患者的护理方案提供实证依据。方法：选取2022年8月至2024年12月本院收治的105例ACLR患者作为研究对象，根据术后护理方式分为试验组(n = 55)与对照组(n = 50)。对照组接受标准术后护理，包括常规疼痛管理、生命体征监测及基础健康教育；试验组实施综合性术后护理干预，于术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估疼痛程度；于术后1天、2天采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评估睡眠质量；于术后1、3、6个月采用生活质量综合评定问卷(SF-36)评估生活质量。结果：与对照组相比，观察组患者在术后各时间点的VAS评分均显著降低(均P < 0.001)，术后1天及2天的PSQI评分显著改善(均P < 0.001)。术后1、3、6个月，观察组的SF-36评分均显著高于对照组(均P < 0.001)，且随时间推移，组间差异进一步扩大。结论：综合性术后护理干预能有效缓解ACLR患者术后急性疼痛，显著改善其早期睡眠质量，并全面提升短期及中长期生活质量。该模式整合了疼痛、康复、心理、睡眠及教育多个维度，体现了现代护理的生物–心理–社会理念，是一种高效、全面的护理策略，值得在临床推广应用。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the clinical effects of comprehensive postoperative nursing intervention on postoperative pain level, sleep quality and quality of life in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), aiming to provide empirical basis for optimizing the nursing plan for such patients. Methods: This study enrolled 105 ACLR patients treated at our hospital between August 2022 and December 2024, with participants divided into two groups based on postoperative nursing approaches: the experimental group (n = 55) and control group (n = 50). The control group received standard postoperative nursing including routine pain management, vital signs monitoring, and basic health education. The experimental group underwent comprehensive postoperative nursing interventions, with visual analog scale (VAS) assessments for pain levels conducted at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h post-surgery. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) evaluations were performed on days 1 and 2 for sleep quality assessment, while the Comprehensive Quality of Life Evaluation Questionnaire (SF-36) was administered at 1, 3, and 6 months post-operation to measure quality of life. Results: Compared with the control group, patients in the observation group showed significantly lower VAS scores at all postoperative time points (all P < 0.001), with marked improvements in PSQI scores on days 1 and 2 (both P < 0.001). SF-36 scores in the observation group remained consistently higher than those in the control group at 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery (all P < 0.001), with the intergroup difference progressively widening over time. Conclusion: Comprehensive postoperative nursing interventions effectively alleviate acute pain in ACLR patients, significantly improve early sleep quality, and comprehensively enhance short-, medium-, and long-term quality of life. This model integrates multiple dimensions including pain management, rehabilitation, psychological support, sleep regulation, and patient education, embodying the modern nursing philosophy of biopsychosocial approach. As an efficient and comprehensive care strategy, it demonstrates significant clinical value and merits widespread adoption in medical practice.