青藏高原生态环境演变与人类活动的关系研究的回顾、进展与展望

A Review, Progress, and Outlook on the Relationship between Ecological Environment Evolution and Human Activities on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

摘要: 青藏高原地带生态环境敏感脆弱，极易受到全球环境变化的影响。在气候变化与人类活动的双重交织下，青藏高原的生态格局发生剧烈演变，影响了其作为生态安全屏障的功能。人类活动压力比气候变化的影响要强烈得多，对青藏高原生态可持续发展及实现SDGs目标造成巨大威胁，约束和管控人类活动对于生态保护和可持续发展及管理至关重要。因此，本研究以城市化进程、道路建设、旅游业发展、耕作等人类活动为关键词在Web of Science核心数据库中检索得到1185篇论文，并采用CiteSpace软件进行了文献计量分析，以期从宏观上了解人类活动对青藏高原区域以及全球生态环境的影响。结果表明：(1) 2013~2022年，该领域的出版物数量快速增长，具有较高的发展潜力。(2) 气候变化、土地利用、碳、遥感影像、中国、影响、保护和管理是频繁出现的关键词；其中，自2018年以来，气候变化受到越来越多的研究关注。(3) 人类活动对地表植被、水资源和土壤质量造成了负面影响，尤其是草地的净初级生产力(NPP)；但其中气候变化和人类活动也对草地生态系统的健康和稳定性产生了重要影响。(4) 多项研究证实，适当的生态保护和管理措施可以有效地恢复和增强青藏高原的生态功能。本文的研究成果将有助于研究人员和利益相关方对该研究领域有一个快速、全面的认识，从而为青藏高原的可持续发展做出贡献。(5) 未来研究应进一步提高青藏高原数据的准确性，评估和防范人类活动造成的生态风险，研究人类活动对土地利用/覆被变化及生态环境的影响，探索气候变化与人类活动对生态环境的相互作用。

Abstract: The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau region features a sensitive and fragile ecological environment that is highly susceptible to global environmental changes. Under the combined influence of climate change and human activities, the ecological structure of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has undergone significant transformations, impacting its function as an ecological security barrier. The pressure exerted by human activities far exceeds the impact of climate change, posing a major threat to the ecological sustainability and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau region. Constraining and managing human activities are crucial for ecological conservation, sustainable development, and effective management. Therefore, this study searched the Web of Science core database using keywords such as urbanisation, road construction, tourism development, and agriculture, yielding a total of 1,185 papers. Subsequently, CiteSpace software was used for bibliometric analysis to gain a macro-level understanding of the impact of human activities on the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau region and the global ecosystem. The research results indicate: (1) Between 2013 and 2022, the number of papers in this field grew rapidly, indicating its high research potential. (2) High-frequency keywords include climate change, land use, carbon, remote sensing imagery, China, impact, protection, and management; among these, climate change has garnered increasing research attention since 2018. (3) Human activities have had negative impacts on surface vegetation, water resources, and soil quality, particularly significantly affecting grassland net primary productivity (NPP); however, climate change and human activities have also significantly impacted the health and stability of grassland ecosystems. (4) Multiple studies have confirmed that appropriate ecological protection and management measures can effectively restore and enhance the ecological functions of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The findings of this study will help researchers and stakeholders quickly and comprehensively understand this research field, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. (5) Future research should further improve the accuracy of data on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, assess and mitigate ecological risks caused by human activities, study the impact of human activities on land use/cover changes and ecological environments, and explore the interactions between climate change and human activities on ecological environments.