重庆市老年人带状疱疹疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素研究

Herpes Zoster Vaccination and Influencing Factors of Vaccination Willingness among Older Adults in Chongqing

摘要: 目的：了解重庆市60岁及以上老年人群对带状疱疹疫苗的接种意愿及其影响因素。方法：采用多阶段分层抽样的方法，于2024年9月至11月在重庆市15个区县选取60岁及以上老年人群进行横断面调查。采用χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归模型分析疫苗接种意愿的影响因素。结果：共纳入12,451名研究对象，带状疱疹疫苗接种意愿率为29.90%。多因素分析显示，居住在农村(OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03~1.31)、参加城乡居民医疗保险(OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06~1.47)、慢性病史(OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14~1.40)、带状疱疹病史(OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16~1.50)、知识评分 ≥ 6分(OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.90~2.42)、认同老年人应接种疫苗(OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.59~3.46)、认同慢性病患者应接种疫苗(OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.54~2.06)、医务人员建议(OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.88~2.36)和周围人接种(OR = 4.89, 95% CI: 4.27~5.60)是接种意愿的促进因素。而自评健康状况一般(OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76~0.95)则为阻碍因素。结论：重庆市老年人群对带状疱疹及其疫苗认知水平较低，接种意愿亟待提升，应针对重点人群开展健康教育并加强医疗人员的推荐作用。

Abstract: Objective: To assess herpes zoster (HZ) vaccination willingness and its determinants among elderly aged 60 years and older in Chongqing, China. Methods: From September to November 2024, a multi-stage stratified sampling method was employed to select participants from 15 districts/counties in Chongqing for a cross-sectional survey. The χ² test and multivariate Logistic regression model were utilized to analyze the factors affecting vaccination intention. Results: A total of 12,451 subjects participated in the study, revealing a HZ vaccination willingness rate of 29.90%. Multivariate analysis indicated that the following factors were associated with higher vaccination intention: rural residence (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03~1.31), enrollment in urban-rural resident basic medical insurance (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06~1.47), history of chronic disease (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14~1.40), history of herpes zoster (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16~1.50), a knowledge score of ≥6 (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.90~2.42), agreement that the elderly should receive vaccinations (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.59~3.46), agreement that patients with chronic diseases should be vaccinated (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.54~2.06), recommendations from medical staff (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.88~2.36) and having acquaintances who are vaccinated (OR = 4.89, 95% CI: 4.27~5.60). Conversely, reporting average self-rated health status (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76~0.95) was identified as obstructive factors. Conclusion: Awareness of HZ and its vaccine is low among the elderly in Chongqing, highlighting an urgent need to improve vaccination intention. Targeted health education should be implemented for key demographics, and the role of medical staff in recommending vaccinations should be reinforced.