肩周炎的病理机制、诊断与治疗进展：一项综合性医学综述

Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Advances of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Comprehensive Medical Review

摘要: 肩周炎(冻结肩)是一种以肩部疼痛和活动受限为特征的常见肩关节疾病，严重影响患者的生活质量。近年来，随着对其病理机制的深入研究，肩周炎的诊断和治疗策略取得了显著进展。本综述系统梳理了肩周炎的病因、炎症与纤维化机制、影像学诊断技术(如超声、MRI)、保守治疗(包括物理治疗和药物干预)与手术治疗(如关节囊松解术)的应用及疗效，以及康复管理的核心原则。尽管现有研究在阐明肩周炎的发病机制和优化治疗方案方面取得了一定成果，但其确切病因及个体化治疗策略仍需进一步探索。本文旨在整合多学科知识，为临床实践提供参考，推动肩周炎管理的规范化和精准化发展。

Abstract: Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) is a common shoulder disorder characterized by shoulder pain and restricted range of motion, significantly impairing patients’ quality of life. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment strategies for adhesive capsulitis, driven by a deeper understanding of its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This review systematically summarizes the etiology, inflammatory and fibrotic mechanisms, imaging diagnostic techniques (such as ultrasound and MRI), applications and efficacy of conservative treatments (including physical therapy and pharmacological interventions) and surgical interventions (such as capsular release), as well as core principles of rehabilitation management. Although current research has achieved certain progress in elucidating the disease mechanisms and optimizing treatment approaches, the precise etiology and individualized therapeutic strategies still require further investigation. This article aims to integrate multidisciplinary knowledge to provide clinical guidance and promote the standardization and precision of adhesive capsulitis management.