自身免性脑炎认知障碍的机制及中西医治疗进展

Mechanisms of Autoimmune Encephalitis-Related Cognitive Impairment and Advances in Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Treatments

摘要: 自身免疫性脑炎认知障碍的治疗是临床难点。目前，西医免疫治疗虽为核心手段，但在修复神经损伤和功能恢复方面存在局限。中医基于“形神一体”理论，将中药、针灸等作为重要辅助，通过多靶点调节免疫、减轻炎症反应、促进神经营养。不仅能更有效地促进认知康复，还能显著减轻激素等西药的副作用，有助于降低复发率、改善患者长期生活质量。本文对自身免疫性脑炎认知障碍发病机制的最新研究发现及中西医学治疗临床研究进行综述，为临床自免性脑炎认知障碍的治疗提供最新的思路和方法。

Abstract: The treatment of cognitive impairment following autoimmune encephalitis remains a clinical challenge. Currently, Western medicine, with immunotherapy as its cornerstone, shows limitations in repairing neurological damage and restoring function. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), grounded in the theory of “body-spirit unity”, utilizes approaches such as herbal medicine and acupuncture as key adjunctive therapies. These methods work through multiple targets to modulate immunity, reduce inflammation, and promote neurotrophy. This integrated approach not only enhances cognitive recovery more effectively but also significantly mitigates the side effects of Western drugs like corticosteroids, contributing to lower relapse rates and improved long-term quality of life for patients. This article reviews recent discoveries in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in autoimmune encephalitis and clinical research on integrative treatments of traditional Chinese and western medicine, aiming to provide updated insights and strategies for its clinical management.