微创技术治疗复杂性肾结石的研究进展

Research Progress in Minimally Invasive Techniques for the Treatment of Complex Renal Calculi

摘要: 在泌尿外科领域，肾结石属于多发病种，近年来，随着科学技术不断进步和健康体检的广泛推广，该疾病的诊断检出率持续增高，其复发率也呈现逐步上升的态势。由于肾结石的临床表现多样并且患者之间存在显著的个体差异，当前临床上可用的治疗策略较为多样，常需根据患者具体情况确定治疗方案，尽管传统开放手术能够实现明确的取石效果，但其手术创伤较大、术后康复周期较长，并且发生相关并发症的风险也相对较高。随着微创技术的发展，各种微创手术方式已成为治疗肾结石的主流术式。复杂性肾结石的处理一直是临床工作的重点与难点。本文旨在围绕该类结石的微创治疗技术，对其近年来的研究进展进行综合论述。

Abstract: In the field of urology, renal calculi represent a highly prevalent condition. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of science and technology and the widespread promotion of health check-ups, its diagnostic detection rate has consistently increased, and the recurrence rate has also shown a gradual upward trend. Given the diverse clinical manifestations of renal calculi and the significant individual differences among patients, the currently available clinical treatment strategies are relatively varied, often requiring customization based on the patient’s specific situation. Although traditional open surgery can achieve a definite stone-removal effect, it is associated with greater surgical trauma, a longer postoperative recovery period, and a relatively higher risk of related complications. With the development of minimally invasive techniques, various minimally invasive surgical procedures have become the mainstream approaches for treating renal calculi. The management of complex renal calculi remains a key focus and challenge in clinical work. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent research progress in minimally invasive treatment techniques for these calculi.