加热炉富氧燃烧技术研究现状与发展趋势综述

A Review of the Current Status and Development Trends of Oxygen-Enriched Combustion Technology in Heating Furnaces

摘要: 本文系统地综述了加热炉富氧燃烧技术的研究背景、原理优势、国内外现状以及未来展望。传统空气助燃加热炉因为存在大量N₂，排烟损失较大，能效较低，氮氧化物排放过高。富氧燃烧技术通过提升助燃气体中的氧含量，使得燃烧温度和热效率大幅度上升，并减少了热力型NO_X的生成。而且，富氧燃烧会产生高浓度CO₂烟气，为低成本碳捕集与封存创造了条件。同时，研究表明，CFD数值模拟在研究燃烧机理、优化加热炉内参数等方面发挥了巨大作用。国内外工业应用的案例也证实了该技术在节能增产、降碳减排方面效果显著，但是它的经济性受到制氧成本的限制。未来的研究方向应该关注富氧燃烧与低碳燃料的耦合、人工智能与CFD的深度融合，以及一些低成本制氧技术的研究，以此来推动工业加热过程的绿色化、高效化、智能化。本综述旨在为加热炉富氧燃烧技术的研究开发和工业化应用提供实践参考。

Abstract: This paper presents a systematic review of the research background, fundamental principles and inherent advantages, current domestic and international development status, as well as future prospects of oxygen-enriched combustion technology applied in heating furnaces. Traditional air-assisted heating furnaces suffer from considerable flue gas losses, relatively low energy efficiency, and elevated nitrogen oxide (NO_X) emissions, primarily due to the high concentration of nitrogen (N₂) present in ambient air. In contrast, oxygen-enriched combustion technology enhances the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting gas, which leads to a significant increase in combustion temperature and overall thermal efficiency. This approach also contributes to a marked reduction in the formation of thermal NOX. Additionally, oxygen-enriched combustion generates flue gases with a high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂), thereby facilitating conditions conducive to low-cost carbon capture and storage. Furthermore, existing research has demonstrated that Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation serves as a powerful tool for investigating combustion mechanisms and optimizing operational parameters within heating furnaces. Industrial application cases from both domestic and international contexts have validated that oxygen-enriched combustion technology is highly effective in achieving energy savings, enhancing production output, reducing carbon emissions, and lowering overall pollutant discharge. However, the economic feasibility of this technology remains constrained by the relatively high costs associated with oxygen production. Looking ahead, future research efforts should prioritize the integration of oxygen-enriched combustion with low-carbon fuel alternatives, the advanced combination of artificial intelligence techniques with CFD modeling, and the exploration of innovative, low-cost methods for oxygen production. These strategic directions are expected to drive the evolution of industrial heating processes toward greater sustainability, enhanced efficiency, and increased intelligent automation. This comprehensive review is intended to offer valuable insights and practical references for researchers, developers, and industry practitioners engaged in the advancement and industrial deployment of oxygen-enriched combustion technology in heating furnace applications.