评分与信用：数字经济中社会关系的“数据物化”及其批判

Ratings and Credit: The “Data Reification” of Social Relations in the Digital Economy and Its Critique

摘要: 数字经济时代，电商平台构建的评分与信用体系，如卖家信用、用户评分、消费信贷等已成为维系社会信任的核心机制。这些体系本应是反映社会关系的质性指标，却在数字资本的主导下经历了一场深刻的“数据物化”过程。本文基于马克思的商品拜物教理论及卢卡奇发展的“物化”(Reification)理论框架，对平台经济的这一核心现象进行批判性分析。研究认为，平台通过量化、去语境化与资本化三大机制，将富含情感与直觉的人际信任异化为可计算、可交易的数据商品。这一过程不仅导致了信任的工具化与表演化，更使得人的主体性被侵蚀，社会关系服从于资本的增值逻辑，最终巩固了平台的算法权力。本研究旨在揭示数据中立表象背后的权力与控制，为理解数字经济的社会影响提供一个批判性的理论视角。

Abstract: In the era of the digital economy, rating and credit systems constructed by e-commerce platforms, such as seller credibility, user ratings, and consumer credit, have become core mechanisms for sustaining social trust. These systems, which ought to serve as qualitative indicators reflecting social relationships, have undergone a profound process of “data reification” under the dominance of digital capital. Based on Marx’s theory of commodity fetishism and the theoretical framework of “reification” developed by Lukács, this paper critically analyzes this central phenomenon in the platform economy. The study argues that through three key mechanisms—quantification, decontextualization, and capitalization—platforms alienate interpersonal trust, rich with emotion and intuition, into calculable and tradable data commodities. This process not only leads to the instrumentalization and performativization of trust but also erodes human subjectivity, subordinating social relations to the logic of capital accumulation and ultimately consolidating the algorithmic power of platforms. This study aims to unveil the power and control concealed behind the ostensibly neutral facade of data, offering a critical theoretical perspective for understanding the social impact of the digital economy.