电商平台隐私条款的文本效力失衡与法理矫正

The Imbalance of Textual Effectiveness of E-Commerce Platforms’ Privacy Clauses and Its Jurisprudential Rectification

摘要: 随着数字经济发展，电商平台成为数据生态枢纽，隐私条款作为界定数据处理边界的格式契约，系法定告知义务载体与制度衔接关键。但实践中条款陷入文本合规、效力虚设的困境，呈现文本模糊权责失衡、执行形式化单方主导、司法认定模糊偏向的三重失效样态，根源在于规范供给缺陷、平台自治异化与用户行权弱势的桎梏。因此，需进行立法细化与监管协同、平台条款优化与履约约束、用户认知提升与权利保障、司法标准明确与救济强化，推动条款从纸面合规走向实质落地，夯实数字消费信任根基，具有重要实践与学术价值。

Abstract: With the development of the digital economy, e-commerce platforms have become data ecosystem hubs. As standard form contracts defining the boundaries of data processing, privacy clauses serve as carriers of statutory disclosure obligations and key links in institutional connection. However, in practice, these clauses fall into the dilemma of textual compliance but ineffective in practice, exhibiting three types of failure: vague text with unbalanced rights and obligations, formalistic and unilaterally dominated implementation, and ambiguous and biased judicial determination. The root causes lie in the constraints of deficiencies in regulatory supply, alienation of platform self-governance, and users’ weak position in exercising rights. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out legislative refinement and regulatory coordination, optimize platform clauses and impose constraints on contract performance, enhance users’ awareness and protect their rights, and clarify judicial standards while strengthening remedies. These measures will drive the clauses from mere textual compliance to substantive implementation, consolidate the foundation of trust in digital consumption, and thus possess significant practical and academic value.