数字经济下电子商务中滥用黑暗模式行为的法律规制研究

Research on the Legal Regulation of Abusive Dark Patterns in E-Commerce under the Digital Economy

摘要: 随着数字经济的蓬勃发展，电子商务已成为全球经济增长的核心驱动力之一。然而，电子商务平台为追求流量转化与商业利益，滥用“黑暗模式”(Dark Patterns)的行为日益普遍，此类行为通过设计误导、操纵消费者决策，不仅侵害了消费者的知情权、选择权与财产权，更破坏了电子商务市场的公平竞争秩序，阻碍了数字经济的健康发展。本文首先界定了电子商务中“黑暗模式”的概念、特征与主要类型，明确其法律属性；其次，本文系统梳理了我国当前针对电子商务黑暗模式行为的法律规制现状，剖析了现有规制体系在立法滞后性、监管碎片化、责任认定模糊及消费者维权困难等方面存在的问题；最后，借鉴各国先进规制经验，结合我国数字经济发展实际，从完善专项立法、构建协同监管机制、明确平台责任边界、健全消费者维权途径四个维度，提出了优化我国电子商务黑暗模式行为法律规制的具体路径，旨在为规范电子商务市场秩序、保护消费者合法权益、推动数字经济高质量发展提供法律理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: With the vigorous development of the digital economy, e-commerce has become one of the core drivers of global economic growth. However, in pursuit of traffic conversion and commercial interests, e-commerce platforms are increasingly abusing “Dark Patterns”. Such practices mislead and manipulate consumers’ decision-making through deliberate design, which not only infringes on consumers’ rights to information, choice and property, but also undermines the fair competition order in the e-commerce market and hinders the healthy development of the digital economy. First, this paper defines the concept, characteristics and main types of “Dark Patterns” in e-commerce, and clarifies their legal attributes. Second, it systematically sorts out the current status of legal regulation on e-commerce Dark Patterns in China, and analyzes the problems existing in the current regulatory system, such as legislative lag, fragmented supervision, ambiguous liability identification and difficulties for consumers to protect their rights. Finally, drawing on the advanced regulatory experience of various countries and combining with the actual development of China’s digital economy, this paper puts forward specific paths to optimize the legal regulation of e-commerce Dark Patterns in China from four dimensions: improving special legislation, constructing a collaborative supervision mechanism, clarifying the boundary of platform responsibilities, and improving channels for consumers to protect their rights. The purpose is to provide legal theoretical support and practical reference for standardizing the order of the e-commerce market, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, and promoting the high-quality development of the digital economy.