荨麻疹性血管炎患者补体水平与糖脂代谢及部分炎性指标的相关性分析

Analysis of the Correlation between Complement Levels in Patients with Urticarial Vasculitis and Glycolipid Metabolism as Well as Selected Inflammatory Indices

摘要: 目的：探索糖脂代谢及部分炎性指标对荨麻疹性血管炎患者补体水平的影响。方法：纳入2023年7月1日至2025年9月31日在本院因荨麻疹性血管炎住院的150例患者对其进行回顾性研究，分析其糖脂代谢及部分常见炎性指标与补体水平的相关性。通过电子病历系统进行随访，收集患者的年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖(FBC)、血沉(ESR)、总LgE、免疫球蛋白G、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血小板计数、单核细胞计数、白细胞计数等。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归筛选出其中的独立危险因素，并用随机森林图及ROC曲线确定其诊断价值。结果：多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，甘油三酯(OR：0.055，95%CI：0.004至0.431，P = 0.012)、免疫球蛋白G (OR：1.175，95%CI：1.013至1.379，P = 0.038)、血小板计数(OR：1.011，95%CI：1.003至1.019，P = 0.012)是影响荨麻疹性血管炎患者补体水平的独立危险因素。构建随机森林图示，甘油三酯是其中最重要危险因素，受试者工作特征曲线的曲线下面积为0.823 (95%CI：0.741~0.905)，灵敏度和特异度分别是75%和67.2%。结论：甘油三酯、免疫球蛋白G、血小板计数是影响荨麻疹性血管炎患者补体水平的独立危险因素，其中甘油三酯是最重要的影响因素，对临床患者的个体化预防及治疗具有一定的指导价值。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the impact of glycolipid metabolism and certain inflammatory indices on complement levels in patients with urticarial vasculitis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 150 patients admitted to our hospital from July 1, 2023, to September 30, 2025, for urticarial vasculitis. The correlations between glycolipid metabolism indices and selected inflammatory markers with complement levels were analyzed. Data were collected via electronic medical records, including patients’ age, gender, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total IgE, immunoglobulin G (IgG), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), platelet count, monocyte count, and white blood cell count. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to screen independent risk factors. A random forest diagram and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were constructed to assess diagnostic value. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that triglycerides (OR: 0.055, 95%CI: 0.004~0.431, P = 0.012), immunoglobulin G (OR: 1.175, 95%CI: 1.013~1.379, P = 0.038), and platelet count (OR: 1.011, 95%CI: 1.003~1.019, P = 0.012) were independent risk factors influencing complement levels in urticarial vasculitis patients. In the random forest diagram, triglycerides emerged as the most significant risk factor. The ROC curve showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.823 (95%CI: 0.741~0.905), with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 67.2%. Conclusion: Triglycerides, immunoglobulin G, and platelet count are independent risk factors affecting complement levels in urticarial vasculitis patients, with triglycerides being the most influential factor. These findings provide guidance for individualized prevention and treatment strategies in clinical practice.