“知情–同意”规则在移动互联网应用场景下的实践困境与完善路径

The Practical Dilemmas and Improvement Paths of the “Informed Consent” Rule in the Context of Mobile Internet Applications

摘要: “知情–同意”规则是个人信息保护法律体系的基石，其有效性对于保障数字时代个人自主决定权与隐私至关重要。然而，在移动互联网应用场景下，该规则在实践层面正面临严峻挑战，存在显著的“空心化”与“形式化”风险。本文聚焦移动互联网应用生态，系统剖析“知情”环节与“同意”环节的具体实践困境。基于此，文章提出多层次的完善路径：在法律规制层面，强调规则精细化并提升执法威慑；在技术赋能层面，倡导隐私友好设计、发展标准化同意工具、利用技术提升透明度及推广隐私增强技术；同时辅以行业自律与标准建设、用户教育与能力提升，并探索监管创新与协同治理模式。本研究旨在破解移动场景下知情同意实践困境，为平衡个人信息保护、产业发展与用户体验提供理论参考与实践指导，助力构建健康有序的数字生态。

Abstract: The “informed consent” rule is the cornerstone of the personal information protection legal system, and its effectiveness is crucial for safeguarding individuals’ autonomy and privacy in the digital age. However, in the context of mobile internet applications, this rule is facing severe challenges in practice, with significant risks of “hollowing out” and “formalism”. This article focuses on the mobile internet application ecosystem and systematically analyzes the specific practical difficulties in the “informed” and “consent” stages. Based on this, the article proposes multi-level improvement paths: at the legal regulation level, it emphasizes the refinement of rules and the enhancement of law enforcement deterrence; at the technology empowerment level, it advocates privacy-friendly design, the development of standardized consent tools, the use of technology to enhance transparency, and the promotion of privacy-enhancing technologies; at the same time, it is supplemented by industry self-discipline and standard construction, user education and ability improvement, and the exploration of regulatory innovation and collaborative governance models. This study aims to solve the practical difficulties of informed consent in mobile scenarios, provide theoretical references and practical guidance for balancing personal information protection, industrial development and user experience, and contribute to the construction of a healthy and orderly digital ecosystem.