基于文献计量学探讨针刺外关穴治疗偏头痛的研究现状与热点趋势

Exploring the Research Status and Hotspot Trends of Acupuncture at Waiguan (SJ5) for Migraine Treatment Based on Bibliometrics

摘要: 目的：基于文献计量学方法，系统梳理与可视化分析针刺外关穴治疗偏头痛领域的研究现状、合作模式、热点主题及发展趋势，以期为该领域的后续深入研究提供参考依据。方法：以中国知网(CNKI)数据库为数据源，检索针刺外关穴治疗偏头痛的相关文献。运用Excel 2021、CiteSpace 6.1.R6及VOSviewer 1.6.20软件，从发文量、研究机构、核心期刊、作者合作、关键词等维度进行定量分析与可视化图谱绘制。结果：年度发文量：该领域研究热度在2015~2020年间稳步增长，于2021~2022年进入高峰平台期，表明研究趋于成熟。核心力量：研究力量高度集中于中医药院校，北京中医药大学(18篇)、成都中医药大学(15篇)和上海中医药大学(12篇)是发文量最多的核心机构，形成了覆盖全国的研究格局。成果分布：核心期刊群以《针灸临床杂志》(12篇)、《实用中医药杂志》(11篇)和《时珍国医国药》(10篇)为代表，构成了紧密的学术交流网络。合作模式：作者合作呈现“核心–边缘”结构，形成了多个以范例启–袁彬、张玲–张巧玲等为代表的紧密合作团队，但跨机构广泛合作尚显不足。研究热点与前沿：高频关键词分析表明，研究聚焦于偏头痛、针刺疗效评估，并深入至无先兆偏头痛、前庭性偏头痛等亚型。研究紧密结合中医理论，肝阳上亢、通督调神、疏肝调神等是核心辨证治则。临床观察是主流方法，数据挖掘等新方法的出现标志着研究范式向现代化、数字化演进。结论：针刺外关穴治疗偏头痛已形成一个多维度、结构化的研究领域，拥有稳定的核心研究群体和成果发布渠道。当前研究热点集中于基于中医理论的辨证分型治疗与临床疗效验证，未来趋势将朝向疾病亚型精细化、机理探索深入化及研究方法交叉融合(如数据挖掘)方向发展。建议未来加强跨机构合作，深化机制研究并促进成果转化。

Abstract: Objective: Based on bibliometric methods, this study aims to systematically review and visually analyze the research status, collaboration patterns, hot topics, and development trends in the field of acupuncture at Waiguan (SJ5) for migraine treatment, to provide a reference for subsequent in-depth research in this area. Methods: The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database was used as the data source to retrieve relevant literature on acupuncture at Waiguan (SJ5) for migraine treatment. Quantitative analysis and visual mapping were conducted using Excel 2021, CiteSpace 6.1.R6, and VOSviewer 1.6.20 software from dimensions including publication volume, research institutions, core journals, author collaborations, and keywords. Results: Annual Publication Volume: Research interest in this field grew steadily from 2015 to 2020 and entered a peak plateau period in 2021~2022, indicating the maturation of research. Core Research (Power/Entities): Research efforts are highly concentrated in universities of Chinese medicine. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (18 publications), Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (15 publications), and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (12 publications) are the core institutions with the most publications, forming a nationwide research landscape. Distribution of Outputs: The core journal cluster, represented by Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion (12 papers), Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine (11 papers), and Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research (10 papers), constitutes a tight academic exchange network. Collaboration Patterns: Author collaboration exhibits a “core-periphery” structure, forming several close collaborative teams represented by pairs like Fan Liqi-Yuan Bin and Zhang Ling-Zhang Qiaoling, but extensive cross-institutional collaboration is still insufficient. Research Hotspots and Frontiers: High-frequency keyword analysis indicates that research focuses on the efficacy evaluation of acupuncture for migraine, extending into subtypes such as migraine without aura and vestibular migraine. The research is closely integrated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, with Liver Yang Rising (Ganyang ShangKang), Regulating the Governor Vessel and Spirit (Tongdu Tiaoshen), and Soothing the Liver and Regulating the Spirit (Shugan Tiaoshen) being core TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment principles. Clinical observation is the mainstream research method, while the emergence of new methods like data mining signifies the evolution of the research paradigm towards modernization and digitalization. Conclusion: Acupuncture at Waiguan (SJ5) for migraine treatment has formed a multi-dimensional and structured research field with stable core research groups and output dissemination channels. Current research hotspots focus on syndrome differentiation treatment based on TCM theory and clinical efficacy verification. Future trends will move towards the refinement of disease subtypes, in-depth exploration of mechanisms, and the integration of interdisciplinary research methods (e.g., data mining). It is recommended to strengthen cross-institutional collaboration, deepen mechanistic research, and promote the translation of research findings into practice in the future.