数字经济时代下新型不正当竞争行为的认定与规制

The Identification and Regulation of New Unfair Competition Behaviors in the Era of Digital Economy

摘要: 随着数字经济的深入发展，以平台“二选一”、自我优待、算法共谋等为代表的新型不正当竞争行为不断涌现。这些行为在作用机理、损害后果和认定标准方面对传统竞争法体系构成了严峻挑战。本文以我国《电子商务法》《反垄断法》《反不正当竞争法》的规则衔接与适用困境为切入点，结合既有学术观点与执法实践，对前述行为展开类型化分析。研究认为，新型不正当竞争行为的认定应当突破传统部门法的壁垒，采纳领域法学与问题导向的综合性思维，构建以竞争效果为核心的合理性分析框架。在规制路径上，应致力于完善法律规范体系，通过修法或司法解释细化构成要件，同时创新监管工具并强化平台自律与多元共治，以期构建适应数字经济发展需求的公平竞争秩序。

Abstract: With the deepening development of the digital economy, new forms of unfair competition, such as platform “either-or” practices, self-preferential treatment, and algorithmic collusion, have emerged. These behaviors pose severe challenges to the traditional competition law system in terms of their mechanisms, harmful consequences, and identification criteria. This paper examines the rule convergence and application dilemmas in China’s E-Commerce Law, Anti-Monopoly Law, and Anti-Unfair Competition Law, combining existing academic perspectives with enforcement practices to conduct a typological analysis of these behaviors. The study argues that identifying new forms of unfair competition should transcend the barriers of traditional sectoral laws, adopt interdisciplinary legal thinking and problem-oriented approaches, and establish a rationality analysis framework centered on competitive outcomes. In terms of regulatory pathways, efforts should focus on improving the legal norm system by refining constitutive elements through legislative amendments or judicial interpretations, while innovating regulatory tools and strengthening platform self-discipline and multi-stakeholder governance, aiming to build a fair competition order that meets the demands of digital economic development.