单环刺螠尾水处理技术研究

Research on the Treatment Technology of Urechis unicinctus Tail Water

摘要: 单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)属于螠虫动物门，是一种典型的底栖滤食性海洋生物，广泛分布于我国渤海湾沿岸潮间带中。该物种具有显著的生态功能与较高的经济价值，其养殖业已成为推动区域渔民增收致富的重要途径之一。基于单环刺螠特殊的滤食习性，它能够主动摄食水体中的有机碎屑、浮游微藻及颗粒态营养物质，从而有效降低养殖尾水中的富营养化物质含量，改善水质条件。将单环刺螠引入养殖尾水处理系统，既可实现尾水的生物净化，减轻对近海环境的污染压力，又可通过其生物收获带来额外的经济效益。然而，目前关于单环刺螠在尾水净化中的应用研究仍相对匮乏。因此，本研究通过开展单环刺螠对养殖尾水的净化实验，旨在科学评估其净化能力，明确关键水质因子的变化规律与去除效率，为该物种在养殖尾水净化中的应用提供理论依据与技术支撑，从而助力实现渔业增产增收与排放减污的双重目标，促进水产养殖业的绿色可持续发展。

Abstract: Urechis unicinctus, belonging to the phylum Annelida, is a typical benthic filter-feeding marine organism, widely distributed in the intertidal zones along the coast of the Bohai Bay in China. This species has significant ecological functions and high economic value, and its aquaculture has become one of the important ways to increase the income of local fishermen. Due to its unique filter-feeding habit, U. unicinctus can actively consume organic debris, phytoplankton, and particulate nutrients in the water, effectively reducing the content of eutrophic substances in aquaculture effluent and improving water quality. Introducing U. unicinctus into the aquaculture effluent treatment system can not only achieve biological purification of the effluent, reduce the pollution pressure on the nearshore environment, but also bring additional economic benefits through its biological harvest. However, current research on the application of U. unicinctus in effluent purification is still relatively scarce. Therefore, this study conducts purification experiments of aquaculture effluent by U. unicinctus, aiming to scientifically evaluate its purification capacity, clarify the variation patterns and removal efficiency of key water quality factors, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the application of this species in aquaculture effluent purification, thereby contributing to achieving the dual goals of increasing fishery production and income and reducing pollutant emissions, and promoting the green and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.