论非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎行为的刑法适用与实践路径优化

Criminal Law Application and Practical Path Optimization in Illegally Implanting Gene-Edited and Cloned Embryos

摘要: 随着基因编辑与克隆技术的飞速发展，其非法植入行为对社会伦理与刑法体系构成严峻挑战。本文旨在克服现行刑法在应对此类新兴科技犯罪时的滞后性与模糊性。通过精准界定“基因编辑”、“克隆”与“非法植入”的法律概念，本文创新性地将本罪保护法益重构为“人类世代延续中的基因安全与秩序”之三层复合结构，并在此基础上构建了一个包含行为样态、主观维度、危害后果与社会影响的“情节严重”多维度综合认定模型，实现了对社会危害性的精细化分层。研究通过引入“遗传分层”等理论工具，深入剖析了技术滥用的深远社会影响，最终为司法实践提供了清晰的裁判指引，并为立法完善提供了兼顾科技创新与伦理秩序平衡的路径优化方案。

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of gene editing and cloning technologies, their illegal implantation poses severe challenges to social ethics and the criminal law system. This paper aims to address the lagging nature and ambiguity of the current criminal law in responding to such emerging technology-related crimes. By precisely defining the legal concepts of “gene editing”, “cloning”, and “illegal implantation”, this study innovatively reconstructs the protected legal interest of this crime as a three-tiered composite structure of “gene security and order in the continuum of human generations”. Building upon this foundation, a multi-dimensional comprehensive assessment model for identifying “serious circumstances” is constructed, encompassing aspects of conduct, subjective dimension, harmful consequences, and social impact, thereby achieving a refined stratification of social harmfulness. By introducing theoretical tools such as “genetic stratification”, the research provides an in-depth analysis of the profound societal implications of technology misuse. Ultimately, it offers clear adjudication guidance for judicial practice and proposes optimized pathways for legislative improvement that balance technological innovation with ethical considerations.