数字平台剩余价值的生成与分配机制研究——基于马克思主义政治经济学视角

Study on the Generation and Distribution Mechanisms of Surplus Value in Digital Platforms—From the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

摘要: 本文基于马克思主义政治经济学视角，探究数字平台剩余价值的生成与分配机制。数字平台作为数字经济核心载体，其资本增殖逻辑与传统工业资本有本质共性，却在劳动形态、价值创造与分配上呈现新特征。研究先梳理劳动价值理论在数字场景的适配性，明确数字商品属性、数字劳动的“活劳动”本质及剩余价值的数字化表现；再解析数字平台的内涵、类型与发展现状；核心剖析剩余价值生成与分配机制，揭示劳动–资本、垄断–公平等分配矛盾，提出制度、技术、主体层面的规制方向，为数字平台健康发展与马政经理论拓展提供支撑。

Abstract: From the perspective of Marxist political economy, this paper explores the generation and distribution mechanisms of surplus value in digital platforms. As the core carrier of the digital economy, digital platform capital shares essential commonalities with traditional industrial capital in capital appreciation logic, but presents new characteristics in labor forms, value creation and distribution. The study first sorts out the adaptability of labor value theory in digital scenarios, clarifies the attributes of digital commodities, the “living labor” nature of digital labor and the digital manifestation of surplus value; then analyzes the connotation, types and development status of digital platforms; the core part dissects the surplus value generation (capitalized integration of factors, dual labor support) and distribution (hierarchical pattern dominated by platforms) mechanisms, reveals distribution contradictions such as labor-capital and monopoly-fairness, and proposes regulatory directions at institutional, technological and subject levels, providing support for the healthy development of digital platforms and the theoretical expansion of Marxist political economy.