农村电商赋能共同富裕的机制研究——基于马克思主义分配正义理论

A Study on the Mechanism of Rural E-Commerce Empowering Common Prosperity—An Approach Based on Marxist Distribution Justice Theory

摘要: 共同富裕乃社会主义的本质需求，是中国式现代化的关键特性。伴随数字经济的迅猛发展，农村电商已然成为助力乡村振兴以及推动共同富裕的重要途径，正逐步转化为促使农民增收、缩减城乡差距、增进社会公平的强劲推力。本文以马克思主义分配正义理论作为起点，深入且系统地剖析农村电商赋能共同富裕的内在机制。经研究发现，农村电商借助改变生产关系、优化资源配置、提升农民可行能力等手段，在初次分配环节，赋予农民更多参与市场的机遇；在再分配环节，让政策调控更为精准；在第三次分配环节，激发了社会助力农业的动能。不过，由于数字鸿沟、资本扩张等因素的存在，农村电商在实际运作过程中也有可能加剧收入差距。所以，本文主张要坚持社会主义分配原则，完善利益联结机制，强化包容性数字基础设施建设，确保农村电商的发展成果实实在在地惠及广大农民，达成马克思主义的价值追求，即发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。

Abstract: Common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism and a defining feature of Chinese-style modernization. With the rapid development of the digital economy, rural e-commerce has emerged as a vital pathway for revitalizing rural areas and advancing common prosperity. It is progressively transforming into a powerful force for increasing farmers’ incomes, narrowing the urban-rural gap, and enhancing social equity. This paper takes Marxist distribution justice theory as its starting point to conduct an in-depth and systematic analysis of the intrinsic mechanisms through which rural e-commerce empowers common prosperity. Research reveals that rural e-commerce, by altering production relations, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing farmers’ capabilities, enables farmers to gain greater market participation opportunities in the primary distribution stage; facilitates more precise policy regulation in the redistribution stage; and stimulates social momentum to support agriculture in the tertiary distribution stage. However, factors such as the digital divide and capital expansion may exacerbate income disparities in practical operations. Therefore, this paper advocates adhering to socialist distribution principles, refining benefit-sharing mechanisms, and strengthening inclusive digital infrastructure development. These measures ensure that the fruits of rural e-commerce development tangibly benefit the vast majority of farmers, fulfilling Marxist values: development for the people, development relying on the people, and development outcomes shared by the people.