基于文献的中药治疗宫颈癌实验研究现状分析

Based on the Literature of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Treat Cervical Cancer Study Present Situation Analysis

摘要: 目的：分析中药治疗宫颈癌实验研究的文献特征及研究现状，以期为未来该领域的研究提供参考。方法：① 检索7个数据库自建库到2025年8月以来收录的有关中药治疗宫颈癌实验研究的文献。② 按照纳入及排除标准筛选后提取文献有效信息建立数据库。③ 对提取信息进行整理、统计与分析。结果：1) 总计纳入分析文献477篇，其中包括中文文献396篇，英文文献81篇。2) 中药治疗宫颈癌实验研究类文献发表数量总体呈逐年增长趋势。3) 477篇文献中共涉及278种干预药物，包含39首复方、214个中药有效成分、22味单药、3个药对，研究使用频率排在前三位的复方依次是中药清毒栓(28.95%)、儿黄散(5.26%)、紫柏凝胶(3.95%)，前三位中药有效成分依次是苦参碱(5.16%)、黄芩素(4.35%)、黄芪多糖(3.53%)。4) 中药复方用法包括口服、阴道给药、注射、外用四种。5) 有405篇文献使用细胞模型，使用频率前三分别为HeLa (60.38%)、SiHa (21.80%)、CaSki (7.76%)细胞株；有112篇文献所用模型为宫颈癌动物模型，包括移植瘤模型(23.06%)和化学诱导型(0.42%)模型。 6) 宫颈癌动物模型主要检测指标有9类，细胞模型检测指标主要有10类。7) 使用系统生物学技术的文献有41篇，其中18篇采用了网络药理学技术(3.77%)，13篇应用了代谢组学(2.73%)，9篇应用了基因组学(1.89%)，7篇应用了转录组学(1.47%)，5篇应用了蛋白组学(1.05%)，2篇应用了微流控芯片(0.42%)，2篇应用了菌群16SrDNA测序(0.42%)。结论：近20年来中药治疗宫颈癌的实验研究数量大幅增加，对中药治疗宫颈癌作用效应的探索目前已经深入到分子机制，但是对于中药复方的研究明显有所欠缺，中药剂型和用法较单一。目前中药治疗宫颈癌实验研究侧重于体外细胞实验，体内实验相对较少，宫颈癌动物模型建立方式单一。随着系统生物学的发展，系统生物学技术被引入中药治疗宫颈癌的研究中，但目前运用并不充分。在未来的发展中，应继续加强该领域研究，立足于中药的整体性，加强中药复方研究，创新中药制剂和用法，结合现代系统生物学技术，挖掘中药治疗宫颈癌的更多可能性，以实现宫颈癌治疗方面的重大突破，推动中医药事业的发展。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the characteristics of the literature and the current research status of experimental studies on the treatment of cervical cancer by traditional Chinese medicine, with a view to providing a reference for future research in this field. Methods: ① Literature on experimental studies of Chinese medicine for cervical cancer included in seven databases since their establishment until August 2025 was searched. ② Extracted valid information from the literature after screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria to establish the database. ③ The extracted information was sorted, counted and analysed. Results: 1) A total of 477articles were included in the analysis, including 396 articles in Chinese and 81 articles in English. 2) The number of papers published in the experimental study on the treatment of cervical cancer by traditional Chinese medicine showed a general trend of increasing year by year. 3) A total of 278 different intervention drugs were mentioned in the 477 studies. These drugs included 39 compound preparations, 214 active ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine, 22 single drugs, and 3 drug combinations. The compound preparations most frequently used in the studies were Qingdu Suppository (28.95%), Erhuang San (5.26%), and Zibai Gel (3.95%). The three most commonly used active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine were matrine (5.16%), baicalin (4.35%), and astragalus polysaccharides (3.53%). 4) The methods of administration for these traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations included oral administration, vaginal administration, injection, and topical application. 5) A total of 405 studies used cell models for their research. The three most commonly used cell lines were HeLa (60.38%), SiHa (21.80%), and CaSki (7.76%). In 112 studies, animal models of cervical cancer were utilized; these models included tumor transplantation models (23.06%) and chemically-induced models (0.42%). 6) There were 9 main indicators used in the animal models of cervical cancer, while there were 10 main indicators used in the cell models. 7) A total of 41 studies applied systems biology techniques. Of these, 18 studies used network pharmacology methods (3.77%), 13 studies employed metabolomics (2.73%), 9 studies used genomics (1.89%), 7 studies used transcriptomics (1.47%), 5 studies used proteomics (1.05%), 2 studies used microfluidic chip technology (0.42%), and 2 studies used 16S rDNA sequencing to analyze gut microbiota (0.42%). Conclusion: In the past 20 years, the number of experimental studies on the treatment of cervical cancer with traditional Chinese medicines has increased dramatically, and the exploration of the effects of single drugs in the treatment of cervical cancer has been deepened to the molecular mechanism, but the research on the Chinese herbal compound is obviously lacking, and the dosage form and usage of traditional Chinese medicines are relatively single. At present, experimental studies on the treatment of cervical cancer by TCM focus on in vitro cellular experiments, with relatively few in vivo experiments, and the establishment of animal models of cervical cancer in a single way. With the development of systems biology, systems biology technology has been introduced into the study of cervical cancer treatment by TCM, but it is not fully used at present. In the future development, research in this field should continue to be strengthened, based on the holistic nature of traditional Chinese medicine, to enhance the research of traditional Chinese medicine compounding, to innovate traditional Chinese medicine dosage form and usage, and to combine with modern systems biology techniques to explore more possibilities for the treatment of cervical cancer by traditional Chinese medicine, in order to achieve a major breakthrough in the treatment of cervical cancer and to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine.