在校学生法律素养提升及诈骗风险防范策略研究

Research on Enhancing Legal Literacy and Fraud Risk Prevention Strategies for College Students

摘要: 基于法律素养视角，探究大学生群体易陷诈骗风险的深层逻辑与综合治理对策。研究指出，在数字经济背景下，大学生虽具备较高文化水平，但其法律素养存在显著短板，表现为对《消费者权益保护法》《网络安全法》等基础性法律认知模糊，财产权、人格权保护意识薄弱，民事行为能力与网络安全责任意识不足，导致其在消费、借贷、兼职、社交等高频生活场景中成为诈骗犯罪的高发目标。以保护动机理论与日常活动理论为分析框架，揭示大学生因法律素养缺失而在威胁评估、自我效能及情境防范中处于弱势的生成机制。在此基础上，提出构建以高校为主导的“三位一体”教育防护体系，推动学生实现从“被动接受”到“主动免疫”的转变，并倡导家庭、社会、政府与技术多方协同，形成系统性、常态化的法律素养提升与诈骗防范路径，为高校法治教育与学生权益保护提供理论参照与实践指引。

Abstract: From the perspective of legal literacy, this paper explores the underlying logic of why college student groups are susceptible to fraud risks and investigates comprehensive governance countermeasures. The research indicates that within the digital economy context, although college students possess a relatively high level of formal education, they exhibit significant shortcomings in legal literacy. This is manifested as vague understanding of fundamental laws such as the “Consumer Rights Protection Law” and the “Cybersecurity Law”, weak awareness of property rights and personality rights protection, and insufficient understanding of civil capacity and cybersecurity responsibilities. Consequently, they become prime targets for fraud crimes in high-frequency life scenarios like consumption, borrowing, part-time work, and social interactions. Using Protection Motivation Theory and Routine Activity Theory as analytical frameworks, this study reveals the generative mechanism through which a lack of legal literacy places students at a disadvantage in threat assessment, self-efficacy, and situational prevention. Building on this analysis, the paper proposes establishing a university-led “trinity” educational protection system to facilitate students’ transition from “passive acceptance” to “active immunity”. It also advocates for multi-party collaboration among families, society, government, and technology sectors to form systematic and normalized pathways for enhancing legal literacy and preventing fraud, thereby providing theoretical reference and practical guidance for legal education in universities and the protection of student rights and interests.