农村电商赋能共同富裕——基于效率与公平的视角

Rural E-Commerce Enabling Common Prosperity—From the Perspective of Efficiency and Equity

摘要: 农村电商作为促进城乡要素配置的重要载体，已成为推动乡村振兴与实现共同富裕的关键路径。而实践中效率提升与公平保障之间的内在张力，制约了其赋能效应的持续释放。本文基于效率与公平的协同视角，系统探讨农村电商推动共同富裕的作用机制、现实挑战与优化路径。研究发现，在效率维度，农村电商通过优化资源配置、延伸价值链和激发创新创业，有效夯实了共同富裕的物质基础、产业支撑与主体动能；在公平维度，则依托机会公平、过程公平与结果公平的递进机制，显著增强了发展成果的共享性与包容性。研究进一步识别了效率与公平之间的潜在冲突，并据此提出以协同治理为核心的优化路径，为农村电商可持续赋能共同富裕提供实践指引。

Abstract: As a crucial vehicle for promoting the allocation of factors between urban and rural areas, rural e-commerce has become a key pathway for driving rural revitalization and achieving common prosperity. However, the inherent tension between efficiency enhancement and equity assurance in practice constrains the sustained release of its enabling effects. Based on a synergistic perspective of efficiency and equity, this paper systematically explores the mechanisms, practical challenges, and optimized pathways through which rural e-commerce advances common prosperity. The study finds that, in terms of efficiency, rural e-commerce effectively strengthens the material foundation, industrial support, and agentic impetus for common prosperity by optimizing resource allocation, extending value chains, and stimulating innovation and entrepreneurship. In terms of equity, it significantly enhances the inclusivity and shared nature of developmental outcomes through a progressive mechanism encompassing opportunity equity, process equity, and outcome equity. Furthermore, the study identifies potential conflicts between efficiency and equity and proposes an optimized pathway centered on collaborative governance, providing practical guidance for the sustainable empowerment of rural e-commerce in achieving common prosperity.