马克思主义视域下对零工经济中妇女劳动权益的再思考

Reconsideration of Women’s Labor Rights in the Gig Economy from a Marxist Perspective

摘要: 在信息技术推动下，零工经济兴起，其以数字平台为依托，劳动者以任务导向提供服务，工作模式具灵活性，但也带来诸多问题。从马克思主义理论剖析零工经济劳动关系，发现劳动者虽获一定自由，但仍与生产资料分离，劳动从属于资本且无法占有剩余价值。资本逻辑下零工经济成为资本扩张手段，是资本与劳动力过剩产物。在此背景下，妇女在零工经济中参与度高，但面临劳动权益问题，如法律保障与社会福利缺失、性别歧视与劳动边缘化、劳动报酬性别差异不平等。为改善此状况，应提升妇女职业技能与集体组织能力，推进平台公司社会责任与监管力度，加强法律法规制定与执行，从而保障妇女权益，推动零工经济健康发展。

Abstract: With the impetus of information technology, the gig economy has emerged. It relies on digital platforms and workers provide services based on task orientation. The working mode is flexible, but it also brings many problems. Analyzing the labor relations in the gig economy from Marxist theory reveals that although workers gain certain freedom, they still remain separated from the means of production, and their labor is subordinate to capital and unable to possess surplus value. Under the logic of capital, the gig economy becomes a means of capital expansion and is a product of capital and labor surplus. In this context, women have a high participation rate in the gig economy, but they face labor rights issues, such as the lack of legal protection and social welfare, gender discrimination and labor marginalization, and unequal gender differences in labor remuneration. To improve this situation, it is necessary to enhance women’s vocational skills and collective organizational capabilities, promote the social responsibility and regulatory strength of platform companies, strengthen the formulation and implementation of laws and regulations, so as to protect women’s rights and promote the healthy development of the gig economy.