电商平台算法歧视问题的法律规制与公平性保障研究

Research on Legal Regulation and Fairness Guarantee of Algorithmic Discrimination in E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 随着电子商务的深度发展，算法已成为平台进行资源配置的核心驱动力。然而，算法在提升效率的同时，因其自身存在的技术壁垒，以及使用过程的不规范，从而引发了算法歧视问题，对市场公平与消费者权益构成严峻挑战。通过检视我国以《电子商务法》《消费者权益保护法》《反垄断法》等为核心的现行法律框架，当前在规制算法歧视方面存在规制衔接不畅、归责原则困境、举证责任失衡与监管审查受限等局限性。为此，亟需构建一个以算法公平为核心理念的多元协同法律规制体系，完善算法歧视相关实体法规，健全企业、行业、执法机构等多方联动监管模式，以及畅通司法救济渠道，优化司法审查工作机制。最终达到切实保障消费者公平交易权与平台内经营者的公平竞争权，促进电子商务市场的健康有序发展。

Abstract: With the profound development of e-commerce, algorithms have become the core driving force for platforms in resource allocation. However, while algorithms enhance efficiency, issues such as technical barriers and irregularities in their application have led to the emergence of algorithmic discrimination, posing serious challenges to market fairness and consumer rights. An examination of China’s current legal framework, centered on the E-Commerce Law, the Consumer Rights Protection Law, and the Anti-Monopoly Law, reveals limitations in regulating algorithmic discrimination, including fragmented regulatory coordination, difficulties in establishing liability principles, imbalanced burden of proof, and constraints in regulatory oversight. To address these issues, it is imperative to establish a diversified and collaborative legal regulatory system with algorithmic fairness as its core concept. This includes improving substantive laws related to algorithmic discrimination, strengthening a multi-stakeholder supervision model involving enterprises, industries, and enforcement agencies, as well as facilitating judicial relief channels and optimizing judicial review mechanisms. The ultimate goal is to effectively safeguard consumers’ right to fair transactions and the fair competition rights of businesses operating on platforms, thereby promoting the healthy and orderly development of the e-commerce market.