电商场景中AI智能体的法律责任归属研究

Research on the Attribution of Legal Liability for AI Agents in E-Commerce Scenarios

摘要: 人工智能在电商领域的广泛应用，正在重塑商业模式与消费体验，同时也对传统法律责任框架带来新的挑战。电商场景中人工智能体具备的自主性与自适应特征，引发了其法律地位的界定难题，并催生了归责原则模糊、监管滞后与举证困难等多重困境。在辨析其法律性质与角色分类的基础上，应明确人工智能体作为特殊客体的有限法律地位，并构建与其风险等级相匹配的分层责任框架。通过优化归责原则与细化各方注意义务、强化技术赋能监管与多元协同治理等方式，有效实现权责适配，以平衡技术创新与消费者权益保护，为人工智能时代电子商务的健康发展奠定坚实的法治基础。

Abstract: The widespread application of artificial intelligence in the field of e-commerce is reshaping business models and consumer experiences, while simultaneously posing new challenges to traditional legal liability frameworks. The autonomy and adaptive characteristics of AI agents in e-commerce scenarios have raised difficulties in defining their legal status, giving rise to multiple issues such as ambiguous imputation principles, regulatory lag, and evidential difficulties. Based on an analysis of their legal nature and role classification, it is essential to clarify the limited legal status of AI agents as special objects and establish a tiered liability framework commensurate with their risk levels. By optimizing imputation principles, specifying the duty of care for various parties, strengthening technology-enabled regulation, and promoting collaborative governance, rights and responsibilities can be effectively aligned. This will balance technological innovation with consumer rights protection, laying a solid legal foundation for the healthy development of e-commerce in the era of artificial intelligence.