论电子商务平台的版权过滤义务

On the Copyright Filtering Obligation of E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 随着数字经济的发展，传统的“通知–删除”规则在应对平台内海量、隐蔽的版权侵权时已力不从心，电子商务平台作为一种网络服务提供者，应当承担起合理的、事先的版权过滤义务。文章首先剖析了学术界的观点分歧，继而从利益平衡的再调整、技术可行性、对现有规则的完善需求及成本收益分析等多个维度，系统论证了平台承担此项义务的正当性。在法律路径建构上，通过对《中华人民共和国电子商务法》等法律法规中“必要措施”与“知道或者应当知道”条款进行目的性扩张解释，为过滤义务的引入提供了坚实的法内解释空间。最后，本文提出认定过滤义务时应遵循差异化原则，综合考量平台规模、技术能力、侵权类型、过滤准确性及申诉机制等因素，以构建一个兼顾版权保护、产业发展与用户权益的平衡机制。

Abstract: With the development of the digital economy, the traditional “notice-and-takedown” mechanism has proven inadequate in addressing the massive and concealed copyright infringements occurring within platforms. As internet service providers, e-commerce platforms should undertake reasonable, ex-ante copyright filtering obligations. The article begins by analyzing the divergent views within academia, then systematically demonstrates the legitimacy of imposing such obligations on platforms through multiple dimensions, including the recalibration of interests, technical feasibility, the need to improve existing rules, and cost-benefit analysis. In constructing the legal pathway, the article provides a solid foundation for incorporating filtering obligations within the existing legal framework by advocating for a purposive expansion of the concepts of “necessary measures” and “knowing or having reason to know” under the E-Commerce Law and other relevant regulations. Finally, the paper proposes that the determination of filtering obligations should adhere to a differentiated approach, taking into comprehensive consideration factors such as platform scale, technical capability, types of infringement, filtering accuracy, and appeal mechanisms, thereby establishing a balanced framework that accommodates copyright protection, industrial development, and user rights.