论算法价格歧视诉讼中的举证责任分配——以消费者权益保护为核心

On the Allocation of Burden of Proof in Algorithmic Price Discrimination Litigation—Focusing on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests

摘要: 本文旨在分析算法价格歧视诉讼中，因算法技术复杂性与平台信息优势造成的消费者举证困境，探讨传统“谁主张，谁举证”原则的不适应性，并提出完善举证责任分配的制度路径。研究通过文献分析、案例研究及比较方法，发现算法黑箱、平台信息垄断及现有规则模糊导致消费者举证艰难，维权胜诉率低。因此，为实现诉讼公平，应构建以举证责任倒置为核心的多元规则体系，即在消费者提供初步证据后，将定价合理性等核心事实的证明责任转移至平台企业，并辅以明确适用条件、强化平台信息披露义务及完善司法审查机制，以有效保护消费者权益并促进数字经济健康发展。

Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the consumer evidentiary dilemma arising from algorithmic price discrimination litigation, caused by the technical complexity of algorithms and the information advantage of platforms. It explores the inappropriateness of the traditional “burden of proof lies with the claimant” principle and proposes institutional pathways to improve the allocation of evidentiary burdens. Through literature analysis, case studies, and comparative methods, the research finds that algorithmic black boxes, platform information monopolies, and ambiguous existing rules make it difficult for consumers to provide evidence, resulting in low litigation success rates. Therefore, to achieve fair litigation, a diversified rule system centered on the reversal of the burden of proof should be established. Specifically, after consumers provide preliminary evidence, the responsibility to prove key facts, such as pricing rationality, should be transferred to platform enterprises. This approach should be supplemented by clear application conditions, strengthened platform information disclosure obligations, and improved judicial review mechanisms to effectively protect consumer rights and promote the healthy development of the digital economy.