数字经济背景下跨境电商平台数据合规的法律规制研究

Research on Legal Regulation of Data Compliance in Cross-Border E-Commerce Platforms under the Digital Economy Background

摘要: 随着数字经济的深入发展，跨境电商平台作为全球贸易的重要载体，其数据处理活动日益频繁，数据合规问题亦愈发凸显。本文立足于数字经济背景，探讨跨境电商平台在数据收集、存储、处理与跨境传输中面临的法律挑战，从数据安全、算法治理、平台责任、消费者权益保护等维度出发，分析现有法律规制的不足，并提出完善路径。研究认为，应通过健全数据分类分级制度、强化算法透明度与问责机制、明确平台主体责任、推动国际规则衔接等方式，构建适应数字经济特征的跨境电商数据合规治理体系。本文的理论增量在于，突破“单一国家规制”的研究局限，提出“国内制度完善–技术适配监管–国际规则协同”的三维治理框架，为跨境场景下的数据合规提供系统性解决方案。

Abstract: With the deepening development of the digital economy, cross-border e-commerce platforms, as vital carriers of global trade, are increasingly engaged in data processing activities, making data compliance issues more prominent. Based on the context of the digital economy, this paper explores the legal challenges faced by cross-border e-commerce platforms in data collection, storage, processing, and cross-border transmission. It analyzes the shortcomings of existing legal regulations from the perspectives of data security, algorithm governance, platform responsibility, and consumer rights protection, and proposes pathways for improvement. The study argues that a data compliance governance system suited to the characteristics of the digital economy should be constructed by improving data classification and grading systems, strengthening algorithm transparency and accountability mechanisms, clarifying platform responsibilities, and promoting the alignment of international rules. The theoretical contribution of this paper lies in breaking through the research limitation of “single-country regulation” and proposing a three-dimensional governance framework of “domestic system improvement-technology-adapted supervision-international rule coordination”, providing a systematic solution for data compliance in cross-border scenarios.