气道黏液高分泌型COPD患者人群特征分析

Analysis of Demographic Characteristics in COPD Patients with Airway Mucus Hypersecretion

摘要: 目的：探究气道黏液高分泌型COPD患者的人群特征分析及其影响因素分析。方法：我们回顾性收集慢阻肺患者的一般资料、实验室及影像学检查结果，根据圣乔治呼吸问卷将患者分为高分泌型患者和非高分泌型COPD患者，从而比较两者的差异。结果：在本次研究中，共收集到84份符合纳入标准的数据，其中高分泌型COPD患者共34人。高分泌组与非高分泌组在FEV1预计值(P = 0.038, Z = −2.073)、痰液积分(P < 0.001, Z = 6.779)存在统计学差异，有咳嗽咳痰症状的患者更有可能出现气道黏液的高分泌(OR: 9.059 [1.247~65.825], P = 0.029)。结论：在辅助检查中，两者的CT征象(慢性支气管炎样改变、肺气肿、粘液栓)和血象并未发现明显的统计学差异，中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值也没有显示出统计学差异；从症状方面看，咳嗽咳痰患者出现气道黏液高分泌的可能更大；而痰液积分越高，气道黏液过多分泌的风险越大。

Abstract: Objective: Analysis of Population Characteristics and Influencing Factors in COPD Patients with Airway Mucus Hypersecretion-Type. Methods: We retrospectively collected general information, laboratory results, and imaging findings from COPD patients. Based on the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), patients were divided into a hypersecretion group and a non-hypersecretion group, and differences between the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 84 cases meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this study, among which 34 patients were classified as having mucus hypersecretion. Statistically significant differences were observed between the hypersecretion and non-hypersecretion groups in terms of FEV1% predicted (P = 0.038, Z = −2.073) and sputum score (P < 0.001, Z = 6.779). Patients with symptoms of cough and sputum were more likely to exhibit airway mucus hypersecretion (OR: 9.059 [1.247~65.825], P = 0.029). Conclusion: No statistically significant differences were found in CT findings (such as chronic bronchitis-like changes, emphysema, and mucous plugs) or blood test results between the two groups. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio also showed no statistical difference. From a symptomatic perspective, patients with cough and sputum were more likely to have airway mucus hypersecretion. Additionally, a higher sputum score was associated with an increased risk of excessive airway mucus secretion.