安徽省大学生返乡创业绩效评价研究

Performance Evaluation of Anhui College Students’ Rural Entrepreneurship

摘要: 随着乡村振兴与“双创”政策深化推进，大学生返乡创业成为激活县域经济的重要路径。安徽省作为农业与劳动力输出大省，该实践既是破解人才外流的关键举措，更是衔接脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴的创新探索。本文运用问卷调查、案例分析与层次分析法，基于平衡计分卡构建四维绩效评价体系，系统研究安徽省16地市大学生创业现状。研究发现，该群体创业项目在财务维度存在融资渠道单一、客户维度凸显市场信息不对称、内部流程维度受制管理经验不足、学习成长维度暴露政策知晓率低等核心问题。而后通过确定各维度指标权重，基于层次分析法确定的指标权重，提出分层施策建议：政府角度应强化政策宣传和精准扶持，拓宽融资渠道与创新金融服务，优化创业教育与培训体系，完善创业服务平台与生态建设；返乡创业大学生自身角度应提升自身素质与能力储备，深化市场调研与精准定位，加强团队建设与人才管理，注重品牌建设与持续创新。通过多维施策，可有效提升返乡创业项目存活率与成长性，为乡村振兴注入持续动能。

Abstract: With the rural revitalization and the deepening of the “double innovation” policy, college students returning to their hometowns to start businesses has become an important path to activate the county economy. As a big province of agriculture and labor force export, Anhui Province’s practice is not only a key measure to crack the brain drain, but also an innovative exploration to link poverty alleviation with rural revitalization. This paper uses questionnaire survey, case analysis and analytic hierarchy process to build a four-dimensional performance evaluation system based on balanced scorecard, and systematically studies the current situation of college students’ entrepreneurship in 16 cities of Anhui Province. It is found that the group entrepreneurship project has some core problems in the financial dimension, such as single financing channel, asymmetric market information in the customer dimension, insufficient management experience in the internal process dimension, and low awareness rate of policy exposure in the learning and growth dimension. Then, by determining the index weights of each dimension, based on the index weights determined by the analytic hierarchy process, the paper puts forward suggestions for layered policy: from the government’s point of view, we should strengthen policy propaganda and precise support, broaden financing channels and innovate financial services, optimize entrepreneurship education and training system, and improve entrepreneurship service platform and ecological construction; From their own perspective, returning entrepreneurial college students should improve their quality and ability reserve, deepen market research and accurate positioning, strengthen team building and talent management, and pay attention to brand building and continuous innovation. Through a multidimensional policy approach, the survival rate and growth potential of returning entrepreneurs’ projects can be effectively enhanced, thereby injecting sustained momentum into rural revitalization.